UBRARY OF CONGRESS 



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SCHOOL HISTOEY 



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South Carolim. 



JAS. WOOD DAVIDSON, A.M. 



'F CfST^ 



COLUMBIA, S. C. : 

DUFFIE & CHAPMAN. 

NEW YORK: 
E. J. HALE & SON. 






Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1869, by 

DUFFIE & CHAPMAN, 

in the Clerk's Office of tiie District Court of the United States 

for the District of South Carolina. 






INTRODUCTION. 



In preparing this little School History 
of South Carolina the Author has enjoyed 
the usual assistance of those who have pre- 
viously written on the same subject ; and 
has suffered the usual perplexities of con- 
fused and conflicting authorities and inac- 
curacies. 

The usual authorities are Rivers, Ram- 
say, Simms, Hewit, Logan, Carroll, John- 
son, Moultrie, Glenn, Drayton, Archdale, 
Laudonniere, Hilton, Adair, Lawson, De 
Laet, Grahame, Oldmixon, Holmes, Wecms, 
Bancroft, and Tarleton ; besides a score of 
others. The State-Paper Office in Lon- 
don, too, is full of materials not yet tho- 
roughly digested. 

Besides this the Author has little to 
say. His aim has been to give in plain 



IV INTRODUCTION. 

language an account of such points in this 
history as a school-boy may understand, 
the quantity being regulated by the ne- 
cessarily-li-mited space of such a volume. 

In the portion that is subsequent to all 
the written histories — from 1859 to 1869 
— the effort has been to prescLitth?:) events 
of this eventful decade of years in narra 
tive as little as possible tinged with sec- 
tional feelings — to state mere facts, free 
from all argument and comment. 



The Publishers desire to acknowledge 
their obligation to Lossing's Field-Booh of 
the RevolvMon^ published by Harper and 
Brothers, New York, for several of the 
illustrations of the Revolutionary Period. 



^ (Barig WmtB. ^' 



-1. - 

When the white people first came from 
Europe to America, they found Indians 
living all over this country. It was then 
thought that these Indians were the first 
people that had ever lived here ; but we 
now know that there had been some more 
civilized, and probably whiter, people here 
before the Indians. We know that such 
people had been here before the Indians 
by the ruins of forts, and walls, and 
towns, that they left; and some skulls 
that are not Indian skulls. The Indians 



6 HISTORY OF 

who were here when the whites came, 
more than three hundred years ago, never 
built forts, and walls, and towns, like the 
ruins that the white people have found 
in America. There are none of these 
ruins in South Carolina; but in the west 
— along the Mississippi river — there are 
a great many of them. 



-2.- 

These Indians that our forefathers 
found in South Carolina were savages — 
rude, wild fellows, who had no books, 
churches, cities, or laws ; fellows who did 
very little else than fight, hunt and steal ; 
and who wore very few clothes, and such 



1. Whom did tlie white people find living in America 
when they first came ? How do we know that there were 
otliers here before the Indians ? Are there any of these 
ruins in South Carolina ? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 7 

as they had were made of the skins oi 
wild animals. They lived in huts or 
cabins, called wigwams ; and generally a 
whole tribe lived at one place. The wig- 
wams were like this : 




The collected wigwams of a tribe were 
called a town; but their towns had no 
regular streets, and were only a large 



8 HISTORY OF 

number — sometimes several hundreds — 
of poor liuts, shaped as you see, like a 
tent, all standing close together, near 
some river or creek, and where there were 
springs close by to get water from. When- 
ever a tribe would get tired of one place 
they would move their town to another 
place ; and in this way they seldom 
stayed many years without moving their 
town. 



-3.- 

There were three great nations of In- 
dians that lived in South Carolina — Cher- 
o-kees', Ca-taw'-bas, and Mus-co'-gees. 
The Muscogees are sometimes called 
Creeks. 



2. What kind of people were the Indians? What are sav- 
ages ? How did they live ? What sort of houses ? What 
is a town ? What kind of place did they make towns iu ? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 9 

The Cherokees lived in the northwest 
part of the State, upon the Sa-van^-nah 
river; the Catawbas, in the north, and 
the Muscogees, in the south. 

These three nations were made up of 
as many as thirty-seven different tribes; 
but these tribes were so much mixed, and 
moved so often, that it is now impossible 
to say hoAV they were arranged. Some- 
times a tribe would die out ; or two tribes 
join together and make one ; or a large 
tribe separate into two or more smaller 
ones. 



-4. - 

We have a great many of the names of 
these tribes now used as the names of 



3. "What were the three great nations in S. C. ? Where 
did the Cherokees live? The Catawbas? The Muscogees? 
How many tribes ? 



10 HISTORY OF 

rivers ; and in this way we know where 
the different tribes lived at some time. 
The tribes often moved up or down the 
stream that bears their name. The follow- 
ing rivers take their names from Indian 
tribes : — Savannah, Coo'-saw, Com'-ba-hee, 
[cum''hee]y Ed'-is-to, Sto'-no, Sa-lu'-da, Cong- 
a-ree', San-tee', Ca-taw'-ba, Wa-ter-ee', Pe- 
dee', Wac-ca-maw', Oo-lo-noi', and En-no- 
ree'. Besides these there are a great 
many smaller streams that bear the names 
of smaller tribes, or individuals, or towns. 



- 5.- 

The Indians were all savages, and all 
were rude and coarse fellows ; but they 
were not all alike. Of the thirty seven 
tribes that lived in the limits of South 



4. What rivers still keep the names of Indian tribes ? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 11 

Carolina, some were far better than others; 

and some were far more intelligent than 

others. Some of the Muscogee tribes 

were said to be honest, industrious, sober 

and sensible ; but the Waterees were lazy, 

thieving, worthless rascals, who, it has 

been said, would steal with their feet if 

you watched their hands. The Conga- 

ees, who lived where Columbia now is, 

/ere more filthy and idle than all the 

ist ; and when the small-pox got among 

lem they soon all died out. AVhenever 

/>ne of them found that he had taken the 

small-pox, he would heat himself in a large 

ven, and then plunge into the river. 

his treatment generally killed the patient 

a a few days. The whole tribe of Conga- 

rees thus died out. 



5. \VTiat kind of Indians were the Muscogees ? The Wa- 
ll ycrees ? The Congarees ? How did they treat smaU-pox ? 



12 HISTORY OF 

-6.- 

The Wax-saws — a tribe of the Cataw- 
bas — used to flatten the heads of their 
boys, because they believed that it made 
them better hunters. The Ya-mas-sees^ , 
who lived near the mouth of the Savan- 
nah river, had their great town on the 
Coo-saw-hatch^-ie river, — where the little 
town of that name w^as afterwards built. 
These Yamassees were perhaps the noblest 
of the Carolina Muscogees. They were 
certainly very brave, and had some show 
of generosity. The Cherokees w^ere the 
most intelligent, perhaps, of all. Later, 
after the whites brought books and civil- 
ization among them, a young man of the 
Cherokees — named Se-quo'-yah — invented 
an alphabet of his language. 



6. What Indians flattened the heads of their boys ? Why? 
What was the great town of the Yamassees ? What of| 
these Indians? What of the Cherokees? Who invented 
an alphabet ? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 13 

- 7, - 

The greatest man in eacli tribe was 
considered the chief of that tribe; and 
tliese were sometimes called kings, but 
they had no power except to call togeth- 
er the elders and warriors of the tribe, 
whenever a council of war was needed. 
The warriors were called braves. 

The men got their meat by killing deers, 
I elks, buffiiloes, turkeys, and otker game ; 
j and the women raised corn — sometimes 
I called maize — and beans. These formed 
\ their principal articles of food ; meat 
I roasted being the main thing, with which 
! they usually ate some bread, or hominy, 
i or beans. They roasted meat by putting 
it close to the fire 



7. Who was chosen chief the tribes ? What power did they 
have ? How did they get meat ? WTiat did the women 
do ? What did Indians usually eat ? 

3 



14 HISTORY OF 

-8, - 

Before the whites came here, all the In- 
dian axes, hatchets, arrow-heads, and that 
kind of thing, were made out of flint 
stones ; for they had no iron or any other 
metal. 

For music they had two instruments ; 
one was a kind of drum, and the other a 
gourd with loose corn in it ; and they sang 
songs. 

The only money they had was called 
wam-j)um, which was nothing but shells. 

They had no laws and no courts ; and 
when one Indian killed another, the near- 
est relative of the murdered one was ex- 
pected to kill the murderer, and if he did 
not do so he was considered disgraced. 
Their's was the old Jewish law of an eye 
for an eye, a tooth for a tooth, and a life 
for a life. 

They had no churches, and very little 
religion; and they expected when they 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 15 

died to live on in the spirit-land, hunting, 
fishing, and fighting, very much as they 
did in this life. 



-9.- 

In those old Indian times the country 
looked different from what it does now. 
There was no cleared land, except one 
large field near each town, where the wo- 
men raised their corn. All over the coun- 
try, especially in the upper part of the 
State, were herds of buffaloes and elks; 
and deer of many kinds ran wild in the 
woods. There were immense cane-brakes 
along most of the rivers and creeks, some- 
times hundreds of miles long ; and in these 



8. What tools did tlie Indians make of stone ? What kind 
of music did they have ? Money ? Law and Courts ? 
Religion ? 



16 HISTORY OF 

thickets tlic large wild animals mostly liv- 
ed. In some places, also, were prairies 
— places witliout trees, where the land was 
covered with grass — such as are now in 
Texas and in the south-west generally. 



- 10, 



The woodlands in the middle of the 
State — Fairfield, Newberry and Lexington, 
especially — ^in those old times, were all 
covered with grass ; even under the thick 
trees. In many places the wild pea-vine || 
grew as high as a horse's back ; and the 
blossoms were very plentiful. This pea 
was rather a stalk than a vine. It has 
utterly disappeared from the country ; 
and so has the rich and abundant high 



9. How did the country look ? What of the buffaloes and 
elks ? Canehrakes ? Prairies ? 



17 SOUTH CAROLINA. 

grass that used to carpet those wild 
woods. 



- 11. - 

Columbus discovered America in the 
year 1492 — nearly four hundred years 
ago ; — but it was not settled by white peo- 
ple until more than a hundred years after 
its discovery. 

At first the whole southern country was 
considered as one place ; and this whole 
region had several names. It was first 
called Flor^-i-da, — which means hlooming^ 
— by the Spaniards. The French called 
it generally by the same name ; but some- 
times they called it New France. The 
English at first called it Southern Virginia ; 
but afterwards they named it Car-o-li^-na, 
after their kins: Charles — in Latin Gar'-o- 



10. What is said of the pea-vine ? 
2* 



18 HISTORY OF 

lus. These three nations — Eoglish, Span- 
iards, and French — all claimed this south- 
ern country as their own ; but at last the 
English got most of it to themselves. 



12.- 



The English claimed this beautiful south- 
ern country because John Cab^-ot — a dis- 
coverer sent over to America by King 
Henry the Seventh of England, in 1497 — 
had visited it. 



11. Who discovered America ? "When ? What did the 
Spaniards call this Southern country ? The French ? The 
English ? Why was it called Carolina ? 

12. Why did the English claim this southern country ? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 19 

-13.- 

The Spaniards claimed it because Ponce 
de Leon, [pdnf-thd-dd-ld-dn^'] in 1512, came 
from Spain to Florida, and named it. 

Eight years after this, Velasquez de 
Ayllon, [yd4dthf -'kdtJi-dd-ail-ydn\'\ a Span- 
iard, came over in two ships to South 
Carolina. He ascended the Combahee 
river ; and treated the Indians kindly, un- 
til they went aboard his ships to see all 
the strange things there. Then, when 
there were a great crowd of them on 
board, he suddenly sailed away. He took 
the poor savages to St. Do-min^-go, and 
there sold them as slaves. Several other 
Spaniards came over to Florida; but it 
was many years before any of them ever 
lived there. 



13. Why did tlie Spaniards claim this country ? What 
did Ponce de Leon do ? What did Velasquez de Ayllon do ? 
What river did he ascend ? What trick did he practice on 
the poor Indians ? 



20 HISTORY OF 

- 14. ~ 

The Frencli claimed it because Veraz- 
zani, [ve-raclza^-nee^'] in 1523, was sent over 
to the northern part of this southern coun- 
try, by Francis the First of France ; but 
he only looked at the country. 



- 15. - 

The first attempt to live in the part of 
this southern country now known as South 
Carolina — the Indians called it Chi-coMa 
— was made by the French at Port Koyal. 
That was in the year 1562. These French 
peopl , all men, were under the command 
of Kibault, \ree-hd^^'] a Frenchman. They 
built a fort named Fort Charles, to protect 



14. Why did the French claim this country? "What did 
Verazzani do ? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 21 

them against the IndiaDS. This fort was 
on Paris Island — in Port Koyal harbour — 
and Eibault went back to France, and left 
Captain Albert, [al-hare\'] with twenty-six 
men in the fort. 



-16.- 

Captain Albert got on very well with 
the Indians. There were several chiefs of 
the neighboring tribes that were very kind 
to the French. Of these the most noted 
were Au-dus^-ta, Cou-ex^-is, and Oua-de.. 
These chiefs — they called them kings 
sometimes — traded with the French ; 
brought them corn, beans, and dried 
meats ; and took as pay whatever the 
French had to spare — knives, beads, hatch- 



15. Who made tlie first attempt to live Id Carolina ? 
Where? What did the Indians caU Carolina ? What did 
Ribault do ? Where was Fort Charles ? 



22 HISTORY OF 

ets, and sucli things. Captain Albert be- 
came harsh and cruel to his own men, so 
that they joined against him and finally 
killed him. 

After some months of this sort of life 
the French got tired of it — got home-sick 
— and determined to go back to France. 
At last they made a little ship and started 
across the Atlantic Ocean. When they 
got about half way, a calm came on and 
left them there until their food gave out. 
They had to eat one of themselves or per- 
ish. They drew lots and the lot fell on a 
man named La Chere, [la'Share\~] who was 
eaten by his companions. Soon they 
were taken up by an English vessel and 
sent to their homes. 



IG. What of Captain Albert ? Who were the three friendly 
chiefs? What did the colonists get from the Indians? 
Wliat did they give in return ? Wliat became of this col- 
ony ? How did they get off? What happened at sea ? 



,^^^^''^' ''''^^M,,. 



\^ 



~ 17. - 

After this it was more than a hundred 
years — in 1670 — before another settle- 
ment was made in South Carolina. This 
was made by the English ; and they did 
not go away, as the French had done. 

It came about in this way : Eight Eng- 
lish noblemen got a charter from Charles 
the Second, King of England, for an im- 
mense tract of land — more than North 
Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia all 
together. These noblemen were, the Earl 
of Clarendon, the Duke of Albemarle, 
Lord Craven, Lord Berkeley, Lord Ashley, 



24: HISTORY OF 

Sir George Carteret, Sir William Berkeley, 
and Sir John Colleton. 

Every one of these noblemen is still re- 
membered in the name of some place in 
this State. 



-18. 



These eight noblemen were called the 
Lords Proprietors of the colony they 
founded in America. They pretended to 
wish to convert the Indians into Christ- 
ians ; but their real object was no doubt 
to make money. They obtained their 
Charter in 1663 — seven years before they 
made the actual settleaient. They did 
not mean to come to settle in America 



17. When did the English make their first settlement ? 
To what noblemen did King Charles give a charter for 
this southern country ? How do we yet have the names of 
these men preserved ? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 25 

themselves ; but they got people to come 
over and settle the country, who were to 
pay them money for the lands. The sys- 
tem of laws that they made for the Col- 
ony of Carolina was called the Proprietary 
Government. This government lasted 
from the first settlement in 1670 until 
1719, which was 49 years. 



-19.- 

The Lords Proprietors got Colonel 
William Sayle [sale] to come with several 
ships and a large number of men. These 
landed first at Port Koyal, in March 1670 ; 
but as that place did not suit them, they 



18. What were tliese eight noblemen together called ? 
What did they pretend to wish about the Indians ? What 
did they really wish to do ? What was the government 
established by them called ? When was it formed ? How 
long did it remain in force ? 
8 



26 HISTORY OF 

moved, ia April, to a place near where 
Charleston now is. It was on the western 
bank of the Ashley river, two or three 
miles above where the battery now is. 
The Indians called the Ashley river the 
Ke-a-waw^ At the place where they 
stopped they built a fort and a good 
many houses ; and the next year they 
named the place Charles Town. 

They remained there ten years. 

The Spaniards, who lived then in Flor- 
ida, sent a force, during the first year of 
this settlement, to destroy it. They came 
as far as Sto'-no inlet ; but found the Eng- 
lish stronger than they expected, and so 
gave it up and went back to Florida. 



19. Who brought over the first large colony of men to 
Carolina? Where did they land? When? Why did 
they move ? To what place ? When ? What is the In- 
dian name of the Ashley river ? What did the settlers 
name their town ? How long did they stay at that place ? 
What did the Simniards do? How far did they come? 
Why did they go back ? 



,1 



SOUTH CAEOLINA. 27 

-20. - 

During this period — from 16Y0 till 
1680 — tlieir numbers increased greatly. 
More came from England than anywhere 
else ; but there came some from Bar-ba'- 
does — one of the West India islands, 
where there was an English colony — some 
from North Carolina, w^here earlier colo- 
nies had settled at Cho-wan' and Cape 
Fear; some from Virginia, where there 
was a very successful settlement upon the 
James river; and a few came from the 
north. 

Colonel Sayle, who w^as made governor, 
w^as in very feeble health, and died 
about the end of the first year. 



80. During the first ten years what increase had they? 
Where did the immigrants come from ? What other colo- 
nies are mentioned ? What is said of Governor Sayle ? 
When did he die ? 



28 HISTORY OF 

-21 - 

Upon the death of Governor Sayle — 
early in 1671 — the Grand Council, which 
was made up of five of the best citizens, 
elected Colonel Joseph West to be gov- 
ernor. 

During the summer of this year our 
settlers had their first war with the In- 
dians. The Kus-soe Indians lived near 
Charles Town, and became very trouble- 
some to the settlers, by stealing every- 
thing — hogs, cattle, turkeys, corn, fruits, 
and whatever was in any way exposed — 
from the farms. Two or three persons, 
away from the settlement in the woods, 
were murdered by these Kussoes. 



21. Wlio was next governor? What occurred during 
the first summer ? What Indians provoked the war 1 
How? 



SOUTH CAEOLINA. 29 

- 22. - 

After they had stood this kind of an- 
noyance as long as they could, the colo- 
nists declared war against the Kussoes. 
This was in September. A company was 
formed in Charles Town ; and they march- 
ed into the Indian country and captured 
a great many prisoners. They threatened 
to send these prisoners away to the West 
Indies and sell them into slavery there, 
if the Kussoes would not pay ransoms for 
them and stop troubling the farmers. 
The savages accepted the terms ; paid 
the ransoms ; and took back their relatives 
and friends But it was not many months 
before they were stealing and shooting 
again. 



23. What did the wlijtes at last do ? How did they 
make the Kussoes behave ? Did the Indians stand to their 
promises ? 



30 HISTORY OF 

- 23. - 

The colony were getting on very well 
with the governor whom they had chosen 
— Governor West ; but the Lords Pro- 
prietors in England appointed Sir John 
Yea-mans governor, . and sent him from 
Barbadoes, where he was living, to Charles 
Town. In April, 1672, he was proclaim- 
ed governor ; and Colonel West became 
superintendent under him. 

The new governor had been a planter 
in Barbadoes ; and brought with him to 
Carolina a number of slaves, for the pur- 
pose of cultivating an extensive farm 
which he got upon the Ashley river. 
These were the first negro slaves ever in 
Carolina. 



23. How was tlie colony getting on with Governor West ? 
Whom did the Lords Proprietors appoint in West's place? 
When was Yeamans proclaimed governor? Who first 
brought negro slaves to South Carolina ? When was that ? 
Where were they brought from ? 



SOUTH CAEOLINA. 31 

-24, - 

Governor Yeamans was very unpopu- 
lar with the Carolinians ; because he treat- 
ed them harshly ; taxed them heavily ; 
sent away in his trading ships the pro- 
visions that were needed in the colony, 
because prices were higher in the West 
Indies ; and pursued the business of trade, 
often to the detriment of his own people, 
trying in every possible way to make a 
fortune for himself. He continued to be 
governor for two years, when the Lords 
Proprietors in England appointed Colonel 
West again. This was in- May, 1674. 



24. What kind of governor did Yeamans make ? Wliat 
did lie do to the people? What was his main object ? Who 
was appointed in his place ? When ? 



32 HISTORY OF 

-25. - 

During this year — 1674 — the Carolina 
province was laid off into four counties, 
called Berkeley, Colleton, Craven, and Car- 
teret. The first election in this province 
for representatives by the people was 
held the same year. There were freemen 
enough in only two of the counties — 
Berkeley and Colleton — to hold elections; 
so that they were not held in the other 
two counties until some years later. 



-26. - 

In the year 1680 the town was moved | 
from the place where it had been for ten 



25. When was the Carolina province laid off? Into how 
many counties? What are their names ? In which coun- 
ties were elections held ? Why not in all ? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 33 

years — on tlie west bank of tlie Ashley — 
down to Oyster point, on Coop-er river, 
near the confluence of the two rivers. 
The Indian name for Cooper river was the 
Wan-do. At first the town was called 
Oyster Point Town, and some called it 
New Charles Town ; and so it gradually 
got the name of Charles Town ; and the 
old place up the river ceased to be spo- 
ken of as town at all. The new town 
kept the name for more than a hundred 
years — until 1782 — when it was changed 
to its present name of Charleston. 



-27.- 

In 1682 Governor West became unpop- 



26. When was the town moved ? To what place ? What 
did the Indians call the Cooper river ? What was the new 
town called ? How long did it keep the name of Charles 
Town ? What is its present name ? 



34 HISTORY OF 

ular with a part of the colony, although 
he was an earnest and good man and an effi- 
cient governor. Those who disliked him 
succeeded in getting Governor Morton 
put in his place. The reason that Gov- 
ernor Morton was so popular was his 
wealth, and the fact that if appointed he 
would bring over five hundred emigrants 
with him. This secured his appointment. 

But very soon Colonel West was a third 
time put back into the office of governor. 

After this term an Irishman named 
Kyrle was appointed governor. 

Then the traders of the colony succeed- 
ed in getting Governor Quarry appoint- 
ed, who was so favourable to free trade 
and commerce that some said he encour- 
aged the pirates with.* whom the sea 
swarmed in those times. 

Then Governor West, a fourth time. 

Then Governor Morton, whom th(^ peo- 
ple hated. 

37. Who was the governor after West ? When ? Why 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 35 

- 2 8 .- 

In 1683 there was another settlement 
tried at Port Royal by Lord Card-ross 
with about ten families of Scotch people. 
They founded Stuart's Town, where they 
lived three years. But they did not get 
on well with the larger and older colony 
at Charles Town, and there was constant 
quarrelling. Lord Cardross claimed to 
have equal power with Governor Morton, 
which the Charles Town colony would 
not allow ; and the Grand Council had 
him arrested and summoned him to ap- 
pear before it to answer for claiming too 
much authority. This unhappy little col- 
ony of Scots at Port Royal was finally 
broken up by the Indians and Spaniards, 
who butchered and whipped as many of 
them as they could Ccxtch ; while the few 



was Morton appointed governor ? Who was next gover 
nor ? Who was governor after West the third time ? Who 
after Quarry ? Who after West the fourth time ? 



HISTORY OF 



that escaped joined the colony at Charles 
Town. Among these settlers were the 
Hamiltons, the Montgomeries and the 
Dunlops. 



-29. 



This destruction of the Scots at Port 
Koyal took place in 1686. It was the 
finishing part of the great Spanish inva- 
sion of Carolina that was directed mainly 
against Charles Town. The Spaniards 
came from Florida with three ships full 
of soldiers — Spaniards, Indians and Ne- 
groes — and landed at Edisto. 

Governor Morton, who had been ap- 



28. When did the Scotch colony under Cardross come to 
Port Royal ? How many families ? What did Cardrose 
claim ? What became of this Scotch colony at last ? What , 
are some of the names of these Scotch? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 37 

pointed the year before — 1685 — to suc- 
ceed Governor West, prepared to meet 
tliern. While the English were getting 
ready, the Spaniards robbed the houses 
and plantations of Governor Morton and 
others, near Edisto, of all their valuables. 
They took plate and other property to 
the value of fifteen thousand dollars; 
and carried off large numbers of negro 
slaves. 

Again they found the English stronger 
than they expected ; and rather than risk 
a fight, the}^ hastened back to Florida. 
It was on their way back that they de- 
stroyed the Scots of Stuart's town at Port 
Royal. 



29. When was the Scotch settlement destroyed ? Who 
did it ? What had the Spaniards come for ? Who was 
governor at that time ? What did the Spaniards do on 
Edisto island ? Why did they hasten back to Florida ? 



38 HISTORY OF 

- 30.- 

Wlien Governor Morton found that the 
Spaniards had gone back to Florida, he 
fitted out two ships with four hundred 
men to invade Florida and chastise the 
insolent Spaniards, who had made two in- 
vasions of Carolina. 

This was in the winter of 1686. Just 
as the ships were ready to sail, the expedi- 
tion was stopped by the arrival of James 
Colleton, who had been appointed, com- 
missioned, and sent by the Lords Pro- 
prietors to be governor of the Carolina 
province. 



-31.- 

Governor Colleton took the part of the 



30. When Governor Morton found that the Spaniards 
Lad gone back to Florida what did he do ? Who arrived 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 39 

Lords Proprietors against the people ; and 
there was a great deal of wrangling be- 
tween the people and the governor, in 
various ways, for several years. Govern- 
or Colleton was very harsh and disagree- 
able to the people ; and was in favour of 
making them pay heavy taxes and not 
letting them take much part in making 
their laws. At one time, when the peo- 
ple had become very obstinate, he declar- 
ed martial law all over the colony, al- 
though there was no fear of any invasion. 
He did this to worry the people into 
doing what he wanted, them to do. He 
tried to prevent their trading with the 
Indians also. At last — in 1690 — the 
people banished their governor. 



in time to prevent the sliips from going ? Who was the 
new governor ? 

31. Whose part did Governor Colleton take? What 
kind of man was he ? How did he get on with th6 people ? 
What did he wish to do ? What did he do to worry the 
peoi)]e ? When did they get rid of him ? 



40 HISTORY OF 

-3 2.- 

While this wrangling between Gov- 
ernor Colleton and the people was going 
on, one Seth Sothel came from North 
Carolina to this colony, and claimed to 
be above Governor Colleton, because he 
was a Lord Proprietor, having bought the 
share of the Earl of Clarendon. In this 
he was partly right; and as the people 
wanted somebody else than they had, 
they took his part and banished Colleton, 
and Sothel acted as governor for awhile. 
But he abused his jDOwer so much worse 
than even Colleton had done, that the 
people were very soon glad to get rid of 
him. His main aim, like a great many 
others in those days, was to make money 
for himself For this purpose he seized 
ships trading with the port of Charles 
Town, pretending that they were pirates ; 
and would liberate them only after their 
owners had paid him immense sums of 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 41 

money. He would also let off criminals 
convicted of crimes by the courts, if they 
would pay him money. 

The result of this course of conduct was 
that he got rich very fast ; and the peo- 
ple turned him out of his office. 



-33. 



The Lords Proprietors next sent over 
Philip Ludwell to be governoi*. He had 
been living in the Virginia colony. 

About this time — 1691 — men began to 
call the Charles Town colony by the 
name of South Carolina ; although it was 
many years later than this that any regu- 
lar division of the two Carolinas was 
made. 



o2. Who came in to Carolina claiming to be governor 
over Colleton? How did Sothel succeed as governor? 
What was his main object ? How did he make money ? 

4* 



42 HISTORY OF 

During Governor Ludwell's term of of- 
fice, there came from France a colony of 
Frenclimen, called Hu'-gue-nots, who set- 
tled in Craven County — near the middle 
of the State. Governor Ludvrell tried to 
get these people the right to send mem- 
bers to the legislature — then called par. 
liament — but the English people were 
violently opposed to this. The English 
did not wish any body else except Eng- 
lishmen to enjoy the same rights and 
privileges as they did ; neither the Scotch 
at Port Royal, nor the Swedes upon the 
Savannah, nor the Irish in Fairfield, nor 
the French either in Abbeville or on 
Goose Creek, nor the Dutch at their 
Jamestown. All these were ultimately 
admitted to equal rights, but none at 
first, and none without the same dogged 
opposition by the English. The English 
maintained for many years that marriages 



83. Who succeeded Sotbel as governor ? When ? When 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 43 

performed by Freucli ministers were not 
legal. 



- 34. - 



In 1693, Thomas Smith became govern- 
or — a very rich man, able and experienc- 
ed in colonial life, having lived in the 
colony almost from the first. But he 
found the people hard to suit, and the 
Lords Proprietors disposed to be severe ; 
so that, after one year of trouble, he ask- 
ed the Lords Proprietors to appoint some- 
body else in his place. During Governor 
Smith's term of office the greatest trouble 
arose from the French settlers on Goose 
Creek, as was the case under the preced- 



did people begin to call this colony by tlie name of South 
Carolina ? Who were the Huguenots ? Where did they 
come from ? How did the English treat them ? Did the 
English like any others to enjoy equal rights with them ? 



44 HISTORY OF 

ing governor. A still greater number of 
these Frencli protestants — the Huguenots 
— came over to Carolina in Lis time. 
They were driven out of France by a 
change in the law there called the Kevoca- 
tion of the Edict of Nantes [jicmts ]. This 
Edict, which gave some little liberty to 
the protestants in France, had been re- 
voked by the king — Louis \_lou-e^^ the 
Fourteenth — in 1685 ; and from that time 
for several years vast numbers of them 
came over to Carolina to live. 



-35.- .« 

When Governor Smith withdrew, John | 
Archdale was sent over to be governor. 



34. Who was next governor ? When ? What kind of 
man was Governor Smith? What troubles arose in Gov- 
ernor Smith's term of office? What event increased the 
number of French immigrants ? When was the Edict of 
Nantes revoked ? By whom ? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 45 

He was a pious Quaker and a good man ; 
and did more, probably, than any other 
one man for the prosperity and peace of 
the colony. His name is one of the few 
that we find in those rude old times 
against which there is no ugly charge of 
wickedness or even weakness. He was 
just to all alike — the English, the French, 
the Indians, and the Negroes. But he 
soon became tired of the place ; and next 
year — in 1696 — he gave up his office, and 
was succeeded by Joseph Blake, who was 
then governor for four years. 

Bice was first grown inCarolina in 1696. 



-36. ~ 

At this time the colonists were rais- 



85. Who was next governor ? What kind of man was 
Archdale ? When did he give up being governor ? Who 
succeeded him ? 



46 HISTORY OF 

ing rice and indigo in quantities large 
enough to export a good deal of both. 
They also sent off skins for leather and fur, 
turpentine, and pickled meats. 

The first year of Governor Blake's term 
was noted for a great hurricane, which 
swe2:)t in from the sea and drove the wa- 
ters almost all over Charles Town. It 
destroyed many houses, and some people 
were drowned. Soon after, there was a 
fire which swept almost all the houses 
that the hurricane had left. Small pox 
next spread pretty generally over the col- 
ony and killed a good many; and in 1698 
yellow fever broke out in Charles Town. 



36. What did tlie farmers raise in the colony ? What 
else did they export ? What misfortune occurred to 
Charles Town ? What, after the hurricane ? What, after 
the fire ? What, after the small pox ? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 47 

-37.- 

In 1700, James Moore became governor. 
In the old country, war was declared be- 
tween England and Spain ; and Governor 
Moore made an effort to take Florida 
away from the Spaniards ; but he had made 
uj) his mind to do that even before the 
war was declared between the mother- 
countries. The Spaniards at the same 
time had joined with the Ap-a-la''-chee 
Indians, for the purpose of destroying the 
English colony of Carolina. Governor 
Moore fitted out a fleet, and raised 600 
soldiers and Indians, and went, in 1702, to 
take St . Augustine [sdnt-au-gus-teen'^ in 
Florida, but was driven oft' to sea by a 
storm, and had to let his ships go, and 
march back home afoot. But Colonel 
Daniel was sent with a land force, at the 
same time, who captured the city of the 

37. Who became governor iu 1700 ? What conquest 



48 HISTORY OF 

Spaniards ; but being unable to hold it, 
without Governor Moore's assistance, had 
to give it up, and march back home. 



-38. - 



Governor Moore soon after led an army 
of whites and Indians against the Apala- 
chees, who had helped the Spaniards. 
They lived west of the Savannah river, 
in Georgia. He killed 800 of them, burnt 
their towns, and brought back 1400 cap- 
tives. 

In these times of the quarrels between 
the Lords Proprietors and the people of 
the colony, one of the most noted of the 
champions of the people was Nicholas 



did Governor Moore attempt to make ? Who cominanded 
the Bhips ? Who led the land forces ? What was the re- 
sult? 



I 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 49 

Trott— a lawyer who gave Governors 
Blake and Moore a great deal of trouble. 



d d I 



It was during Governor Moore's term 
— in 1Y03 — that a great riot occurred in 
Charles Town. This riot was one of the 
effects of the wrangling between the gov- 
ernor and the people, mentioned before. 
In the Assembly a majority favoured the 
people, but the governor had some strong 
friends there. The Florida war had run 
them into debt ; and the governor wished 
to tax the people and thus pay the debt 
at once. The two parties did all they 
could to make each other angry. The 
Assembly twice passed a bill to regulate 



38. Who led the whites against the Apalachee Indians ? 
Where did they live ? What was the result ? Who was 
Nicholas Trott ? 



50 HISTORY OF 

elections in the province, and sent it to 
the governor ; and he rejected it both 
times. At this affront some of the mem- 
bers of the Assembly entered their pro- 
test and left the house ; and, after much 
quarreling, the house adjourned. 



-40.- 

Then it was the riot commenced in 
good earnest. The people of the two par- 
ties began fighting in the streets, and 
several were badly beaten, and much 
property destroyed. These riots lasted 
four or five days. Drunken men with 
clubs and pistols kept the streets in con- 
stant alarm. 



39. When did the great riot occur in Charles Town 'i 
What caused it ? How did the two parties act ? W hat 
did the Assembly do ? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 61 

Prominent men in those riotous times, 
besides Nicholas Trott already mentioned, 
were Landgrave Edmund Bellinger, Cap- 
tain William Ehett, John Ash, Thomas 
Smith, Dearsby, Dalton, and Nary ; some 
of which are honoured names in the State 
yet, and some are forgotten 



-41. - 



The next governor was Sir Nathaniel 
Johnson. He was, like Governor Moore, 
strongly opposed to the people ; and he 
made some laws that required everybody 
that held any office to belong to the 
church of England. This of course oifend- 
ed both the French and the Scotch, and 
was in itself unjust ; but Governor John- 



40. What occurred during the riot ? Who were some 
of the men prominent in those times ? 



52 HISTORY OF 

son and his party did not care for that 
injustice, and were quite ready to do any- 
thing that would diminish the power of 
the peojile. The people sent men to Eng- 
land to complain of these wrongs to 
Queen Anne, who was then ruler of the 
English nation. She promised to have 
these things made right; but never did 
much. They had to persist in their 
course until they righted themselves. 



-42.- 



In 1706, while a war was going on in 
Europe, the French and Spanish, who 
were at war with England, sent Le Fe- 
boure [le-fe-hoo/'] with five ships and near 



41. Wlio was next governor? Was lie a friend to the 
people ? What did he do about the church and holding 
oflBce ? What did the people do ? What did Queen Anne 
promise? What did she do? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 53 

a thousand men over to capture Charles 
Town. There was great excitement. 
Everybody was called to arms. They 
raised 900 soldiers ; and they were put 
under command of Colonel William Rhett. 
The French commander sent a messeno^er 
to demand the surrender of the town. 
Governor Johnson received the messen- 
ger, who was brought in blindfolded. 
While he was in town the soldiers were 
so arranged and marched about as to ap- 
pear to be about 10,000. When the mes- 
senger demanded the surrender of the 
town, and said that his orders allowed but 
one hour to wait for an answ^er, Governor 
Johnson replied that it did not need a 
minute. He added : " I hold this coun- 
try for the Queen of England. I am 
ready to die, but not to deliver up my 
trust. My men will shed the last drop of 



42. Who commanded the fleet of the French and Span- 
ish against Charles Town ? How many soldiers were rais- 
5* 



64 HISTORY OF 

their blood to defend the country from 
the invader." 



-43.- 

The bold speech of the governor, and 
the appearance of so many soldiers, made 
the enemy decide to not attack the town 
itself. Le Feboure landed some of his 
troops on James Island, and some on Wan- 
do ISTeck; but Captain Drake was sent 
and drove off the former ; and Captain 
Cantey captured the latter, numbering 
about 200 men. Colonel Rhett, with his 
little fleet, finally drove off the enemy. 
A few days later, another French ship 
landed some troops at Se-wee^ bay ; and 
against these Captain Fenwicke was sent, 
and he, aided by Colonel Ehett's ships, 



ed ? What did (Jovernor Johnson answer to the demand 
for the surrender of his town ? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 55 

captured the whole party of over 100 
men. Thus ended this attack on Charles 
Town. 



44, - 



The successor of Governor Johnson 
was Colonel Edward Tynte ; but he died 
a few months after his appointment. 

At the death of Governor Tynte there 
were but three deputies in the province 
— Gibbes, Broughton [^broo^-tuii] and Tur- 
be-ville. Gibbes and .Broughton were 
both candidates for the governorship ; 
so that Turbeville had the casting vote. 
He voted for Broughton ; but they ad- 
journed without publishing the election. 



43. Wliat was the effect of Governor Joliuson's bold re- 
ply ? What did Le Feboure do ? Captain Drake ? Cap- 
tain Cantey ? Colonel Rhett ? Caiotain Fenwicke ? 



56 HISTORY OF 

They met again in the afternoon of the 
same day, and held another election. 
Turbeville this time voted for Gibbes, and 
died before night. This second election 
was ]3ublished ; and Robert Gibbes was 
proclaimed governor. But Broughton 
was not satisfied about it. He raised a 
company of soldiers and marched to 
Charles Town to demand the office. 



-45.- 



Gibbes ordered out the militia and had 
the gates shut ; and there came near be- 
ing a bloody fight about it. Broughton 
and his men got in, and he was proclaim- 
ed governor also. So there were for that 
day two governors of Carolina. Friends 



44. Who was next governor ? At the death of Governor 
Tynte who were the three deputies ? What did they do? 



SOUTH CAEOLINA. 57 

interfered at length, and persuaded them 
to agree to send to the Lords Proprietors 
that they might decide which should be 
governor ; and that Gibbes should con- 
tinue to act until an answer came back 
from England. The Lords Proprietors 
decided that neither of them should be 
governor 



46.- 



At this time — 1708 — the colony con- 
sisted of 9,580 persons. Of these 4,080 
were white, 120 of these being servants; 
1400 Indians, all slaves ; and 4,100 negroes, 
ialso slaves. They could raise 950 soldiers ; 
and had these arranged in two regiments 
of eight companies each. 



. 45. What steps did Gibbes take? What did the two 
governors agree upon ? What was the result ? 



56 HISTORY OF 

The farmers raised in their fields rice, 
peas, and corn ; and they made pitch, tar, 
barrel staves and shingles, a little silk, 
candles of tallow and of myrtle-berry, 
butter, and leather. They also sent to 
Europe beef and pork. They traded with 
the Indians a great deal, and got from 
them raw- hides and the skins of the deer, 
beaver, otter, raccoon, and wild cat, Avhich 
they sold in England. Trading with the 
Indians was a regular business, like ped- 
dling or keeping a store. 



-47.- 
The Indian trader would set out for the 



46. How many people were now in the colony ? Whites ? 
Servants? Indians? Negroes? Soldiers? How were 
these last arranged ? What did farmers produce ? What 
did they make besides ? What did they get in trade from 
the Indians ? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 69 

country where the ladiaus lived, accom- 
panied by half-a-dozen Indians or labour- 
ers, who would carry his goods — such as 
cotton and woolen cloths, red and blue 
flannel, beads, axes, hoes, guns, powder, 
shot, bullets, lead, and rum. These carri- 
ers w^ould bring back on his return the 
skins he would buy from the Indians with 
the goods. He would thus travel some- 
times several hundred miles on horses, 
but sometimes on foot; and would be 
gone from the town two or three months 
at a time. Sometimes these traders 
would only engage the skins ; and the In- 
dians themselves would deliver them in 
town. In this latter case the trader trav- 
elled without his attendants. 



47. What did the Indian trader take to the Indians ? 
How did he carry them ? What did he get in return ? 
How long did it take to make a trip ? 



60 HISTOKT OF 

-48.- 

When the Lords Proprietors decided 
that neither Gibbes nor Broughton was 
governor, they appointed Charles Craven. 
He was the best of the many governors 
since West. His term was from 1711 till 
1716 ; and during that time there were 
three Indian wars. When the people 
had to fight Indians, they had to stop 
their wransrlincc amons: themselves ; so 
that an internal 2:)eace was secured by 
means of outside wars. The wise and 
just policy of Governor Craven also add- 
ed to this agreement among the peo^^le. 



48. Who succeeded Governor Tynte ? What sort of a 
man was Governor Craven? What occurred during his 
term of office ? What good effect came of these wars ? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 6i 

-49. - 

In the fall of 1711, John Lawson, sur- 
veyor-general of the two Carolina colonies, 
was killed by the Tus-ca-ro^-ra Indians, 
while he was surveying for the whites 
some lands near the Neuse [ nuce ] river in 
North Carolina. The Tuscaroras claimed 
these lands as theirs. When they had 
done the murder, knowing that the whites 
would punish them for it, they determin- 
ed to be beforehand with them ; and so 
the Indians agreed upon a general mas- 
sacre of the white men of both colonies. 

In secret they made ready ; and while 
they were promising the whites to punish 
the murderers themselves, they were get- 
ting ready to murder everybody 



49. Whom did the Tuscaroras murder in 1711 ? What 
came of it ? Where is the Neuse river ? 
6 



62 HISTORY OF 

-50. - 

On the night of the 2 2d of Septem- 
ber they began their bloody work, by 
rushing over the country along the Neuse 
river, and butchering the sleeping people. 
They killed men, women, and children, in 
one night, to the number of 130. The 
whites sent to South Carolina for help. 
Colonel John Barnwell was sent with a 
mixed army of a few whites and a large 
number of friendly Indians — Cherokees, 
Yamassees, Creeks, Catawbas, Win-yaws, 
and E-saw^s' — for the Indians were always 
ready for a fight where there w\as any 
chance of plunder ; and they were usually 
as ready to fight against Indians as against 
whites. 



50. When did the Indian war commence? How? 
Where? How many whites were butchered the first 
night ? Who was sent from South Carolina ? Wliat force 
had lie ? What Indians helped the whites ? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 63 

-51.- 

Colonel Barnwell had a good deal of 
fighting, against small bodies of the Tus- 
caroras, whom he met at several places; 
and he always drove them back, killing 
some and capturing large numbers. At 
length he came to their strong-hold, 
where they had built a wooden wall — a 
new thing with the Indians — around their 
largest town, in which were 600 warriors. 
Here, after fighting several days, the Tus- 
caroras offered to make peace ; and Colo- 
nel Barnwell agreed to it-, although many 
people thought he ought not to have done 
so. Afer the treaty was made, some of 
Barnwell's soldiers — probably some of his 
friendly Indians — kept on killing the Tus- 
caroras, whenever they could find one 
alone. For these murders the commander 



51. How did Colonel Barnwell sufceed against the Tusca- 
roras ? How did the war end ? Wliat unfortunate occur- 



04 HISTORY Oj? 

was much blamed, although it is probable 
that he could not have prevented it even 
if he had tried. Colonel Barnwell was 
wounded. His army returned to Charles 
Town in July, 1712. 



- 52. - 



In consequence of the bad treatment oi 
the Tuscaroras by Colonel Barnwell's sol- 
diers, another war arose during the winter 
of 1 712. It commenced as before with a 
massacre of the whites in North Carolina. 
Again South Carolina was called uj^on for 
help, and they sent Colonel Moore — a son 
of the former governor — with a force of 
40 white soldiers and 800 friendly Indians. 
He found the Tuscaroras fortified on Taw 



rcnce took place after the treaty ? When did the army re- 
turn to Charles Town ? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 65 

river. In a few hours lie took the fort. 



killing 200 and capturing 800 of the ene- 
my — more than his whole army. These 
800 prisoners were claimed by the friend- 
ly Indians under his command, who re- 
ceived theio, and sold them into slavery 
when they came back to Charles Town. 
Colonel Moore received the thanks of 
the Assembly, and a reward of $500 in 
addition to his pay. 



-5 3.- 

For the next few years there was com- 
parative peace with the Indians ; but this 
could not last long. In April, 1715, an- 
other war, greater than the other two, 



53. What caused the new Tuscarora war ? When did it 
commence ? Where ? How ? Who commanded this ex- 
pedition against the Tuscaroras? What was the result? 
How many prisoners ? What was done with them ? What 
honours did Colonel Moore receive from the Assembly ? 



60 HISTORY OF 

commenced. This Avas tlie Yamassee war. 
Here the braves were better wariiors 
than those of the Tuscaroras. 

The SjDaniards who lived at St. Augus- 
tine, in Florida, had always been the 
bitter enemies of the English, as we have 
seen. In all the quarrels between the 
English of Carolina and the Spaniards ol 
Florida, these Yamassees, who lived near 
Port Koyal, had up to this time been 
friends of the English, and fought side by 
side with them in the first Tuscarora war. 
But after that time they began to change, 
without lettinsr the Ens^lishknow it. The 
Yamassee chiefs began to go to St. Augus- 
tine, and to have Talks with the Spanish 
governor there ; and the Yamassee tra- 
ders traded more than before with the 
Florida whites. But the Carolinians con- 
tinued to trust them. 



53. How long did peace last ? When was the next In- 
dian war ? With what tribe ? When did the change in the 
conduct of the Yamassees begin ? What did they begin 
to do? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 67 

-54.- 

Early in April, 1715, an Indian, named 
Sa-nu-te, told a Mrs. Fraser, who lived in 
the. country, for whom he had formed a 
sincere friendship, that the Indians were 
going soon to murder all the English. Al- 
though they hardly believed him, the Era- 
sers moved into Charles Town for safety, 
but they did not spread the alarm ; so that 
the whites were taken by surprise when 
the slaughter actually began, as it soon 
did. The Yamassees were urged by the 
Spaniards to kill all the English in the 
whole country ; and they agreed to do 
this, although they had been svA^orn fiiends 
to the English for many years. 



54. How was the purpose of tlie Yamassees first found 
out ? Wliy did these Indians undertalve to kill all the 
English? 



68 HISTORY OF 

- 55.- 

The Yamassees did not attempt this 
work alone. They got the Muscogees and 
Apalachees, on the south ; the Con-ga- 
rees, the Catawbas, and the Cherokees, on 
the west and northwest ; and the Tascaro- 
ras on the north, — all to join them. Ii> 
deed, every tribe from Florida on the 
south, to Cape Fear on the north, joined 
the Yamassees in this bloody work. The 
southern Indians numbered about 6000 
braves, armed generally with bows, scalp- 
ing-knives and hatchets ; while the Tusca- 
roras sent about 1000 ; and many others 
came from the north and northwest. 
There were probably 10,000 Indians in all 
engaged in this war ; against which force 
the Carolinians could muster but 1200 men 
able to fight. This was one white man 
against eight Indians. 

55. Who joined the Yamassees in this war ? How many 
oraves from the south V From the northwest ? From the 
north ? How many in all ? How many soldiers did the 
whites raise ? What was the odds against the whites ? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 69 

- 56. - 

The butchery commenced at Po-co-taV- 
i-go, at day-break on the 15th of April, 
1715 ; and in a few hours between 90 and 
100 persons in that neighborhood were 
murdered and scalped. One man — Cap- 
tain Seaman Burroughs — after being 
wounded in two places, swam a mile and 
ran several miles to give the alarm. He 
reached Port Royal in time to give the 
alarm. The Port Royal people generally, 
about 300 in number, got aboard a vessel 
and sailed round to Charles Town. These 
were saved. The few families that were 
left about Port Royal were mostly mur- 
dered. 



56. At what hour did this massacre begin ? What date ? 
Where ? How many were killed in a few hours ? Who 
gave warning to the Port Royal folks ? How did he get 
there? What did the Port Royal people do? What he- 
came of those that were left ? 



70 HISTORY OF 

-5 7-.- 

At the time of this butchery at Pocotal- 
igo, Governor Craven, who was a good as 
well as brave and able man, was on his way 
with a company of cavalry to visit the 
Yamassees and to see them about their 
troubles, and to settle them if possible. 
When he heard of the massacre at Poco 
taligo, he halted and collected a company 
of 240 men in Colleton county : and with 
these marched directly to the Combahee 
river, near Pocotaligo. Early next morn 
ing 500 Yamassee warriors attacked him ; 
but he was on the look out for that, and 
repulsed them with slaughter. He 
thought it best, however, to return at once 
to Charles Town. About the same time 
Colonel Mackey went with some troops 
from Charles Town to the Yamassee town 



57. What did Governor Craven do ? Where did he ro- 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 71 

— Coo-Scaw-liatch'-ie — which he took driv- 
ing the Indians southward. 



58 



From the north, 400 Indians marched to- 
wards Goose Creek — above Charles Town. 
Captain Thomas Barker was sent up with 
a company of soldiers against them. He 
was led into an ambush, where he was him- 
self killed, and his company routed. An- 
other company of 70 whites and 40 ne- 
groes in a fort at Goose Creek were butch- 
ered by the Indians. Captain Chicken, 
however, with the Goose Creek militia, 
defeated these Indians and drove them 
back. Governor Craven ordered the wo- 



cruit Ms company ? How did the fight come about ? What 
•was the result ? What did Colonel Mackey do ? 



72 HISTORY OF 

men ana children to be guarded safely in 
Charles Town ; and he, with all the men 
that he could gather and arm, took the 
field against the Indians. He drove the 
Yamassees and their confederates — the 
Muscogees and Apalachees — back to the 
Sal-ke-hatcV-ie river ; and after hard and 
persistent fighting finally drove them be- 
yond the Savannah river. They went ul 
timately to Florida, and are probably the 
ancestors of the Sem^'-i-noles. 

Four hundred whites were killed in 
this war. Among the men who won dis- 
tinction were, besides Governor Craven, 
Lieutenant-General James Moore, Colonels 
John Barnwell and Alexander Mackey, 
and Captain Chicken. 



58. Plow many Indians from the north attacked Goose 
Creek? What did Captain Barker do? What butchery 
occurred there? What did Captain Chicken do ? What 
course did Governor Craven pursue ? Where did he drive 
the enemy to ? Where did they finally go ? How many 
whites were killed in this war ? Who won distinction ? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 73 

-59.- 

When Governor Craven left the colony, 
Robert Johnson was appointed in his place. 
It was during Governor Johnson's term 
that this province was first regularly called 
South Carolina, although many years be- 
fore it had been frequently mentioned 
so. Governor Johnson ruled two years, 
during which the difficulties between 
the people and the Lords Proprie- 
tors became — as soon as they got through 
with fighting the Indians — worse than ev- 
er before. The people began to demand 
that they should be allowed to have part 
{ in their own government ; and the Lords 
Proprietors became more arrogant and 
offensive in their commands. The people 
had become very much more powerful; 



59. Who succeeded Governor Craven ? Wlien was the 
n ame South Carolina first regularly applied to this prov- 
7 



74 HISTORY OF 

and the Lords Proprietors seemed not to 
be aware of that important fact. 



-60.- 



1 



Colonel Rhett and Judge Trott, who 
have been mentioned before, were with 
Governor Johnson in favour of the Lords 
Proprietors, and against the people. But 
the people were steadily increasing in num- 
bers, wealth, intelligence, influence, and 
boldness ; and finally called a convention 
in defiance of the governor's authority. 
This convention turned out Governor 
Johnson and elected James Moore to be 
governor. He was proclaimed governor 
on the 21st of December, 1719. He was 
a son of a former governor, and was the 



ince ? How did the people and the Lords Proprietors get 
on after the Yamassee war ? 



SOUTH CAEOLINA. 75 

same that so distinguished himself in the 

second Tiiscarora war of 1Y12 — an able 

man, and a favourite with the people. 

Thus practically ended the Proprietary 

, Government of South Carolina. The po- 

I litical and popular revolution was com- 

\ plete at that time ; but it was ten years 

! before the Lords Proprietors gave up to 

I the king of Great Britian. 



60. How did Colonel Rliett and Judge Trott stand in tlie 
(Quarrels between the people and the Lords Proprietors ? 
How did the people at last get rid of Governor Johnson ? 
Whom did thej elect to be governor I When was he pro- 
claimed? How long was it after this that the Lords Pro- 

\ prietors gave up their claims and their charter? 

I- 



76 HISTORY OF 



^ 



,^K^. '^o'^mie,^ 



61 - 



The new government of South Carolina 
was called the Royal Government, because 
it was under the king of Great Britain. 
The king — at this time George the First — 
took complete control of the colony, when 
the Lords Proprietors gave up their char- 
ter, which the people forced them to do. 
This government lasted from 1719, when 
it was established, (practically, though not 
in law until 1729) until 1776, when the 
Revolutionary War separated the United 
States from Great Britain — a period of 57 
years. The governors were appointed by 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 77 

the king. There were a Council, appoint- 
ed by the king; and au Assembly, elected 
by the people. Everybody was satisfied ; 
for both jDarties — the king and the people 
of the colony — had a part in making the 
laws by which they were governed. 



- 62. - 

The colony had increased greatly by 
this time. In 1Y24 — -just- 54 years since 
the colony landed — there were 14,000 
people in the province. They were prin- 
cipally English ; but also Irish, Scotch, 
French, Dutch, and individuals of several 



61. What was the new government called ? Who was 
then king of Great Britain ? When was the Royal Gov- 
ernment established? How long did it last? How did 
both the king and the people take part in making the 
laws ? Did the new government please the people ? 
7* 



78 HISTORY OF 

other peoples. The settlement extended 
about thirty miles from Charles Town ; 
and beyond that distance very few ever 
went, except the Indian traders, who went 
into the wilds among the Indians every- 
where. 



- 63. - 



Governor Moore, who was elected by 
the convention of the people in 1719, 
continued to be governor until Francis 
Nicholson, the first royal governor, was 
appointed by the king, which was in 1721. 

Governor Nicholson governed well, and 
continued in office for four years. His 
successor was Arthur Middleton, who had 



62. What was tlie number of people in the colony in 
1724? What sort of people were they? How far did the 
colony extend from Charles Town ? Who went beyond 
that extent ? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 79 

formerly been on the side of the people 
against the Lords Proprietors. He was 
accordingly popular with the colonists, 
and of course high in the king's favour 
also. He was appointed in 1725 and 
served five years. 



I -6 4.- 

'i It was during Governor Middleton's 
, term of office that the Old French War 
j began. In this war most of the Indians 
I in America were in some way or other in- 
volved in the contest between Great Brit- 
ain and France ; but the events of this 
war did not fall within the limits of South 



63. How long did Governor Moore continue in office ? 
Who was next governor? When? How long? Who 
succeeded Governor Nicholson ? What of Governor Mid- 
dleton ? How long was his term of office ? 



80 HISTORY OF 

Carolina, and do not form part of her his- 
tory. 

In August, 1728, Charles Town was 
nearly destroyed by another hurricane. 
The waters of the bay were swept over 
the town, so that the people had to get 
into the upper stories of their houses to 
keep from drowning. Twenty-three ships 
were driven upon the land and destroyed. 
Then again followed the yellow fever, of 
which hundreds of people died, and every- 
body that possibly could do so went into 
the country. The farmers were afraid to 
go into the town ; so that there was almost 
a famine at the same time with the pesti- 
lence. 



64. When did the Old French War begin? What oc- 
curred at Charles Town in 1738 ? How many shij^s were 
blown ashore ? What again followed the hurricane ? 
What did the people do ? What produced nearly a famine ? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 81 

-65. - 

In the year 1730, — the last of Governor 
Middleton's term, — a famous treaty of 
peace was made with the Cherokees. Sir 
Alexander Gumming, with a large number 
of men, went to the town of Ke-o-wee, 
which was near the mountains. The town 
was situated on the Keowee river, five 
miles above the present town of Pickens 
in Pickens county ; and there are some 
signs of the Indian town yet to be seen. 
Gumming and his party found the Chero- 
kees very willing to make the proposed 
perpetual peace. Indians always were 
ready to talk peace, but equally ready to 
break it, if they wanted war. 



65. When was tlie great peace with the Cherokees 
made ? Who went on the part of the Carolinians ? To 
what place did they go ? Where was Keowee town ? Were 
the Indians disposed to make a long peace ? 



82 HISTORY OF 

- 66. - 

It was agreed that six of tlie Cherokee 
warriors should go with the Englishmen to 
ratify the treaty of perpetual peace "before 
the king of Great Britain. They went. 
The king — at this time, George the Se- 
cond — received them with great kindness ; 
ratified the treaty ; and, after a great 
many speeches had been made to them 
and about them, they came back very 
much pleased with the English king. In 
their speech to the king they said : — " We 
love the great king. We look upon him 
as the sun. He is our father. We are 
his children. Though you are white and 
we are red, our hearts and hands are join- 
ed together. We shall die in this way of 
thinking. We shall tell our people what 
we have seen. Our children from genera- 
tion to generation will remember it. In 
war we shall be one with you. Your ene- 
mies shall be ours. Your people and ours 
shall be one. We shall live together. Your 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 83 

white people may build their houses be- 
side us. We shall not hurt them, for we 
are children of one father." The speaker 
here laid down a bunch of eagle feathers, 
and added : — " These stand for our words. 
They are the same to us as letters in a 
book to you. To your beloved men we 
deliver these feathers. They stand for all 
that we have said." 

This perpetual peace lasted — not exact- 
ly forever^ as both parties agreed, but 
for — twenty years. 



-67.- 

The same year of the Cherokee treaty 
-1730 — Robert Johnson — he that was 



66. How did the king receive tlie six Cherokees ? What 
did tlie Indian orator say about peace ? What did he give 
to the English ? What did eagle feathers mean with tho 
Cherokees ? How long did the perpetual peace last ? 



84 HISTORY OF 

turned out by the people as Proprietary 
Governor in 1719 — was appointed gov- 
ernor. He governed five years with 
great favour and success. 

In this term a colony of Swiss, under 
one Pury, came to Carolina and formed a 
settlement near the mouth of the Savan- 
nah river at a place which they named 
Purysburg, after their leader. 

A colony of Irish came to Williams- 
burg about the same time 



.-6 8. 



In the year 1735 Governor Johnson 
was "succeeded by Thomas Broughton 



67. Who was appointed governor in 1730 ? What had 
he been before? What Swiss colony came over in Gover- 
nor Johnson's term? Under whom? What town did 
they build? Where is it? Where did an Irish colony 
come to ? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 85 

— him that had the contest with Gibbes 
30 years before. 

In 1737, upon the death of Broughton, 
Samuel Horsely was made governor. He 
was in England when he was appointed, 
and died before he left that country. 

The same year William Bull — a native 
of the province, and in favour with the 
people — was appointed governor. He 
w^as cordially received by the people, but 
had a very troublesome term of office. 
There were now over 50,000 inhabitants 
in South Carolina, and of these at least 
three-fourths — 37,500 — were negro slaves. 
It was an insurrection or rising of these 
slaves that caused a great disturbance in 
the province during Governor Bull's term 
of office. 



68. Who succeeded Johnson as governor? Who was 
next ? When did he die ? Who was next governor ? How 
many people were then in the colony? How many of 
these were negroes ? What caused trouble at this time ? 



8 



B6 history of 

- 69. - 

The negro-rising came about in this 
way. The Spaniards, having failed to de- 
stroy the English colony through the Ya- 
massee and other Indians, next tried to 
stir up the negroes to carry out their pur- 
pose. The Spaniards succeeded in mak- 
ing these slaves dissatisfied ; and the re- 
sult was that, in 1740, there was a great 
rising or insurrection of the slaves in 
South Carolina. It commenced alonsf the 
Stono river — near Charles Town — where 
the negroes elected one Cato to be their 
captain. Cato marched from Stono south- 
west, gathering negroes as he went, and 
butchering the whites — men, women, and 
children. A comj^any of whites was im- 
mediately formed at Willtown church, 
made np of the men who were that day 
at church. They always, in those early 



69. Who urged the negroes to rise ? Where did the m- 
jurrection begin ? Who was chosen captain by the ne- 



SOUTH CAEOLINA. 87 

times, took their guns to church. It was 
the law to do so. 



-70.- 

The company of whites, formed thus 
hastily at Willtown church, chose Captain 
Bee to lead them. They left the women 
and children in the church, and set out 
after Captain Cato and his marauding 
band of negroes. After going twelve 
miles they came upon the negroes in their 
camp, the most of them drinking, carous- 
ing, and keeping a great noise, with the 
liquor they had found in the houses that 
they had robbed as they came. The whole 
party was captured, after a short skir- 



groes? What did Captain Cato do ? Where was a com 
pany of whites formed ? What was the law about carry- 
ing guns to church in those days ? 



8S HISTORY OF 

mish, 111 which Captain Cato and a few 
others were killed. Of these captives a 
few of the leaders were hanged after a 
regular trial by law ; but the greater part 
of these were pardoned 



-71. - 

The year 1740 was marked by two un- 
pleasant events — an unsuccessful expedi- 
tion against St. Augustine, and a fire that 
burned fully a half of Charles Town. The 
expedition against the Spaniards was sent 
by Georgia, and was under the command 
of its governor — 0^-gle-thorpe. A regi- 
ment of South Carolinians went with the 



70. Who led the whites ? How far did they go ? How 
did they find the negroes ? What followed ? Wliat be- 
came of Captain Cato ? What was done with the leaders ? 
What of the others ? 



SOUTH CAEOLINA 89 

expedition, under the command of Colonel 
Vanderdussen. The army laid siege to 
St. Augustine ; but failed to take it ; and 
was obliged to come back home. The 
great fire consumed 300 houses — rather 
more than half the town — utterly ruining 
many families, and causing besides a great 
deal of suffering 



-72. - 



Governor Glenn succeeded Governor 
Bull, in 1743 ; and continued in office 
thirteen years — the longest of all the gub- 
ernatorial terms. During this time the 
colony increased rapidly, and settlements 



71. What two events marked the year 1740 ? Who 
commanded the Georgia expedition against St, Augustine 1 
Who commanded the South Carolina regiment ? What 
was the result ? How much of Charles Town was burnt in 
the great fire ? What effects ? 
8* 



90 HISTORY OF 

extended higher and higher up the coun- 
try towards the mountains ; and the In- 
dians were pushed farther and farther 
back, as the whites advanced. In 1750 
there were settlements as far as 200 miles 
from Charles Town. In 1747 there was 
the coldest winter ever known in Caroli- 
na. All the orange and lemon trees were 
killed by the frost, and the birds died of 
the cold. A few years after this — in 1756 
— Patrick Calhoun, with four other fam- 
ilies, settled in Abbeville, though he was 
not the first settler there. 



73.- 



The settlers that were flocking to Car- 



72. When did Governor Glenn become governor? How 
long did lie serve ? What was the condition of the colony 
during Glenn's term ? How far had the settlements ex- 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 91 

olina at this period were from all parts of 
the world — England, Ireland, Scotland, 
France, Switzerland, and Germany, in Eu- 
rope; and a great many came from other 
parts of America — Pennsylvania, Virginia, 
Maryland, and some from the northern 
colonies. Many came from other parts of 
America to get away from the Indian 
wars that were almost everywhere else. 
But Carolina enjoyed a peace with the 
Cherokees — the most powerful nation 
near her. A few years later, however, 
this peace was forgotten ; and there were 
wars enough here. 



tended in 1750? When was tlie cold winter? What ef- 
fects followed it ? What distinguished settler moved to 
Abbeville in 1756 ? 

73. Whence came these numerous settlers in* Carolina ? 
From what other places in America did many come ? Why 
did some come from other parts of America ? Did this 
peace last long ? 



92 HISTORY OF 

-74.- 

The severest of all the hurricanes was 
at Charles Town in 1752. An east wind 
blew the waters over the city, as it did 
before ; people were driven to the tops of 
their houses ; some drowned ; and the wa- 
ters kept on rising in a way that made it 
seem certain that everybody must be de- 
stroyed, when suddenly and unexpectedly 
the wind shifted. Then the waters fell 
^ve feet in ten minutes after the wind 
changed. The loss was immense ; and 
the crops in the country near and on the 
islands were almost entirely destroyed. 
Some lives were lost. Governor Glenn 
himself wrote an account of all these 
things ; that is, a general history of the 
times during which he was governor. 
In those days the people here raised very 



74, What is said of tlie hurricane of 1752 ? What made 
the waters cover the town ? What made the waters roll 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 93 

little cotton, but a great deal of indigo 
and silk. 



-75, - 



After Governor Glenn's term William 

H. Lyttleton became governor. During 

] the following year — 1757 — tliere arose 

j another Indian war. Some Cherokees 

I had been to the north to help the 

' English fight the French; and as they 

i were coming back home through Virginia 

I they stole some horses. Indians would do 

that sort of thing whenever they got a 

chance. The whites shot a few of these 

horse thieves ; and in this way it was that 

the war began. It was not a general war 



back ? Who wrote a history of those times ? What did 
the people raise on their farms ? 



94 HISTORY OF 

at first ; but only some young warriors 
butchered quite a number of whites ; and 
then the old Indian counsellors went to 
beg for ipetice. 



-76. - 

When the messengers from the Cher- 
okees came to Governor Lyttleton to ask 
for peace, he put them in prison. The 
Indians, notwithstanding this injustice 
— for it was wrong to arrest messengers 
— made a pretended peace ; and gave 
twenty-two Indians as hostages to be kept 
until the young warriors that had com- 
mitted the murders should be punished. 
These hostages were kept in Fort George, 



75. Who succeeded Governor Glenn ? When ? How did 
the war with the Indians start? Wliat did the young 
braves do ? What did the old counsellors do ? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 95 

which was on the Savannah river towards 
the Keowee town. But the young Indians 
kept on murdering white folks, and the 
old Indians kejDt on being sorry for it. 



-77. - 

After awhile Captain Cot^-y-more, who 
was commanding Fort George, was entic- 
ed out of the fort by some Indians and 
killed. In revenge for this, the soldiers 
in the fort massacred the twenty-two 
hostages. This act, which was as wrong 
as possible, fired up the whole Cherokee 
nation to war ; and in a few weeks down 



76. How did Governor Lyttleton treat the messengers 

from the Cherokee nation ? What kind of a peace did the 

; Indians make? How many hostages did they give up? 

Where were these kept ? What did the young Indians 

keep on doing? The old ones? 



96 HISTOEY OF 

they came from their mountains, butcher- 
ing and scalping people everywhere they 
could find them ; killing stock ; and burn- 
ing houses all through the country. Peo- 
ple fled to Charles Town by the hundreds, 
and the country was left almost unpro- 
tected. 



-78.- 

A regiment of soldiers w^as raised in 
South Carolina as quickly as it was possi- 
ble to do so, and Colonel Middleton was 
put in command. The people sent for 
help to North Carolina and Virginia, 
Everybody made ready for war. Again 
At-ta-kul-la-kul-la^ — an old Cherokee, who 



77. How was Captain Cotymore murdered ? What did 
the garrison in Fort George do about it ? What did that 
make the Cherokees do ? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 97 

Lad patched up the peace a few months 
before — tried to make peace. He was a 
very small old man, who was one of the 
six that went to England. A treaty w^as 
made ; but the Indians broke it in a few 
days. Meanwhile, troops had been or- 
dered from England ; and a force came 
over under command of Colonel Mont- 
gomery. In the sj^ring of 1760 he set 
out from Monck's Corner and marched 
northward. He found the Indians in 
their own country — on the Keowee river 
— drove them back ; burned several of 
their towns ; but was obliged to return. 
This left the war still open. Colonel 
Montgomery was recalled to New York, 
where he had been on duty before. 



78. Who was put in command of the Carolina troops 
against the Indians ? What did Attakullakulla do ? Who 
broke the treaty? When did the English troops go against 
the Indians ? Under whose command ? What resulted ? 
9 



98 HISTORY OF 

-79,- 

The Indiaus were now fully aroused. 
The old men urged peace. Attakullakulla 
entreated them to make peace. Sa-loo-e^' 
— a hot-headed warrior of the Es-ta-toe' 
tribe — made a fiery speech for fight. He 
said : " I am still for war. The spirits of 
our dead brothers call upon us for ven- 
geance. He is a woman who will not fol- 
low me !'' This sort of thing pleased the 
braves, whose regular business in life was 
war. And so they kept on killing, scalp- 
ing, and robbing, worse than before. 
And so, the Carolinians decided to carry 
the war again into the Indian country in 
real earnest ; and thus put a stop to this 
sort of thing. 



79. What did Attakullakulla still urge ? What did Salooe 
advise 1 What did the Indians resolve to do ? What did 
the Carolinians decide upon ? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 99 

-80.- 

Aoother regiment came over from Eng 
land under command of Colonel James 
Grant — a haughty, severe, and disagree- 
able man ; but just the man for this piece 
of work. The case was desperate ; and 
called for extreme measures. The Chero- 
kees had made and violated their treaties 
so often, that it was felt to be folly to 
listen to their promises any more. Hav- 
ing decided upon the course to be taken 
with the Indians, Colonel Grant made 
ready for his work. His forces consisted 
of his own British regiment, which was 
partly Scotch, Colonel Middleton's regi- 
ment of South Carolinians, and a few 
friendly Indians — in all about 2600 sol- 
diers. 



80. Who commanded the new British troops ? What 
kind of man was Colonel Grant ? What made the whites 
determine to give the Cherokees a good heating ? What 
army had Colonel Grant ? 



loo HISTORY OF 

-81.- 

Colonel Grant with his army reached 
Fort George — sometimes called, and prop- 
erly so, Fort Prince George — on the Yth 
of May, 1761. Here that wily little old 
chief AttakuUakulla — known generally 
among the whites as The Little Carpen- 
ter — came again with his petitions for 
peace. He was now the oldest of the 
Cherokee chiefs ; and his overtures for 
peace were noble and beautiful. He talk- 
ed well. He told of his visit to the great 
king. He spoke of the eternal bonds of 
friendship ; and averred that the moon 
might forget to rise easier than his heart 
could forget its love for the English. 



81. VThen did Colonel Grant reacli Fort George ? What 
did Attakullakulla propose ? What was the English name 
of that chief? 



SOUTH CAKOLINA. 101 



82 



Altliougli Colonels Grant and Middle- 
ton desired to have peace, and believed 
tliat Attakullakulla did also, they did not 
believe that the Cherokees did ; or, if they 
then did, that they would the next 
month or the next year. And so they de- 
termined to push ahead. Attakullakulla 
left -in despair ; and after one month's rest 
at Fort George, Grant moved on towards 
the Cherokee towns, on the 7th of June. 
In a few days they came upon the Chero- 
kee army near the Indian town of Etch- 
oe'. The battle lasted all day ; and re- 
sulted in the defeat of the Indians. This 
was perhaps the most fiercely contested 
Indian battle ever fousrht in America. 



83. Why did not Colonel Grant listen to Attaknllakulla's 
proposals of peace? What did they still resolve to do? 
When did they move on ? Where did they find the In- 



102 HISTORY OF 

The Indians fled towards their mountain 
retreats. 



- 83. - 



Grant immediately entered the Indian 
town of Etch-oe, and reduced it to ashes. 
He remained there thirty days, and dur- 
ing that time burned every house, hut, 
cabin, wigwam, and shelter, owned or 
used by these Indians anywhere within 
reach of this place. The Cherokees were 
driven into the mountains ; and the whole 
country that they had occupied was laid 
waste. Not a thing remained that either 
fire or axe could destroy. This work of 
destruction was so thoroughly done that 
Grant's name became a j)roverb among 



dians ? What is said of this battle of Etchoe ? Where 
did the Indians retreat to ? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 103 

the Indians, and meant Destruction, Af- 
ter that, whenever a horse or a hog 
would destroy a patch of corn, the Indians 
would call him Grant 



-84.- 

Then AttakullakuUa came again to beg 
for peace. Grant sent him to Governor 
Bull in Charles Town. The little old man 
said to Governor Bull : " I am come to see 
what can be done for my people. They 
are in great distress. For what has taken 
place, forgive us. We believe in fate. 
I believe that this has been decreed by 
the Great Master above. He is the Father 



83. What did Grant do in Etchoe ? How long did lie 
stay at tliat place ? What did he do over the whole coun 
try ? How did the Indians remember the name of Grant ? 



104 HISTORY OF 

of red men and wliite. We all live in 
one land. Let us live as one people." 

Governor Bull was moved by the bu 
mility of tlie Indians, and consented to 
tlie peace. 



-85. - 

This Indian war was fifteen years be- 
fore the great Revolutionary War; and 
among the men who became famous in 
that war, there were several who served 
in this Cherokee war with honour. Of 
these the most prominent were Henry 
Laurens, William Moultrie, Francis Ma- 
rion, Isaac Huger, and Andrew Pickens. 



84. Who came from the Indians to sue for peace ? To 
■whom did he go ? What did he say ? What did Governor 
Bull do ? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 105 

The troubles between the people in. the 
American colonies and the king of Great 
Britain, which resulted in the Revolution- 
ary War, were already beginning to ap- 
pear. 



- 86. 



There were no courts except in Charles 
I Town ; and that was so far removed from 
' the middle and up country, that those per- 
I sons far up the country who broke the 
laws generally went unpunished. To 
remedy this evil some citizens banded to- 
gether to punish bad men without law. 
The leaders of these citizens — called Reg- 



85. How long was this Indian war before tlie war of the 

Revolution ? Who were distinguished in this Indian war 

I that afterwards were famous in the Revolutionary war ? 

Were the troubles ahead beginning to appear, out of which 

grew the great war ? 



106 HISTORY OF 

ulators — were Thomas Woodward, Joseph 
Kirldand, and Barnaby Pope. These 
leaders had a large company to carry out 
their regulations. For some offences, 
such as stealing, they would whip the thief; 
for heavier offences, they would tar-and- 
feather the guilty one, or ride him on a 
rail ; and in some cases very bad men 
were beaten nearly to death. 

At this time — 1766 — Lord Charles Gre- 
ville Montague was governor. 



-87.- 

This band of Regulators worked very 
well for a good while ; and did a great 
deal of good. But after a while these 



86. Where were the only courts? What became the 
effect of this in the up-country ? What were the Regula 
tors? WTio were their leaders ? How would they punish 
stealing ? How punish the heavier offences ? 



1 SOUTH CAROLINA. 107 

Regulators became as bad as the lawless 
men they were punishing. Two parties 
^—Regulators and Anti-regulators, called 
Scovilites — were formed ; and it became 
hard to see which was the worse. Scovil- 
ites were so called from Scovil, an agent 

I whom the government sent up to regulate 
the Regulators. The Regulators were ac- 
cused of bringing in horses as well as law- 
breakers. At one time a fight was expect- 

: od between these two bands. 

After much trouble with this kind of 
law, the governor in 1769 established four 
courts of law in the up-country. These 
were at Ninety-Six, Cambridge, Orange- 
ourg, and Camden. 



87. How did tlie Regulators manage things? What 
were the opponents of these called ? Why did they have 
[that nameV Where were the four courts established in 
1769? 



108 HISTORY OF 

-88. - 

It was some years earlier than this — in 
1760 — that George the Third became 
king of Great Britain ; and at that time 
commenced those oppressive measures 
that finally led to the Independence of 
the American States. George the Second 
had been favourable to the colonies, and 
so they had gotten on very well, until 
George the Third became king. This 
prosperity had made the colonies very 
rich, and the king determined to collect 
heavy taxes. There were many other 
wrongs that George the Third inflicted 
upon the colonies ; but this taxing them 
reached more of the people than any oth- 
er, and did more to stir them up to oppo- 
sition, and finally to war, than all others 
combined. 



88. When did George the Third become king? How 
did he treat the colonics ? How had George the Second 
treated them ? What was it that hurt the people woi^t of 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 109 

-89.- 

The British Parliament, — under the in- 
fluence of the king and his minister, Lord 
North — after passing several oppressive 
acts — taxing sugar, molasses, and other 
necessaries — finally passed the famous 
Stamp Act, on the 22d of March, 1765. 
This Act required that all instruments of 
writing used by commercial people — such 
as bills of goods, notes, receipts, and 
I things of that kind — should be void and 
] not binding unless they were written up- 
! on stamped paper or stamped parchment, 
\ and a heavy duty had to be paid to the 
' government on all such paper or parch- 
j ment. In this way the people of the col- 
I onics were made to pay money to the 
king's government. 



89. What was the famous Act called that caused bo 
much discontent ? When was it passed ? What did it re- 
quire ? What was the effect of this ? 
10 



^^^ nrSTORY OF 

-90.- 



The Stamp Act caused the colonies in 
America to hold a second Congress. The 
first one had been held in 1754, to ^et 
ready for the French war. The second 
Congress was held on the 7th of Octol^er 
1765, in Nej York city. Massachusetts' 
proposed this Congress, which was the 
fii^t regular step taken against the Brit 
ish government. All the colonies were 
represented, except Virginia, North Caro- 
lina, and New Hampshire, whose govern- 

ors would notpermit delegates to go from 
hose colonies. This Congress sat four- 
teen days, and issued three papers-a 
Petition to the king, a Memorial to the 
House of Lords, and a Petition to the 
ilouse of Commons. 

for? m " "" *' ''^' ''"'''°"" ^^""s-- hl^i^ 



SOUTH CAROLINA. Ill 

-91.- 

In those stirring times, the two men in 
America most earnest against the king and 
his government were James Otis, of Mas- 
sachusetts, and Christopher Gadsden, of 
South Carolina. The historian, Mr. Ban- 
croft, of Massachusetts, speaking of those 
times, says : " Be it remembered, that the 
blessing of Union is due to the warm- 
heartedness of South Carolina. She was 
all alive, and felt at every pore ; and when 
we count up those who, above all others, 
contributed to the great result, we are to 
name the inspired madman, James Otis, 
and the great statesman, the magnanimous, 
unwavering, faultless lover of his country, 
Christopher Gadsden." 



91. Who were tlie two most conspicuous men in those 
times? What does Mr. Bancroft, the historian, say of 
them ? 



112 HISTORY OF 

- 92.- 

In 1766 the Stamp Act was repealed. 
There was great rejoicing over this repeal, 
both in England and in America. Wil- 
liam Pitt, the great British statesman, who 
had always taken the part of the Ameri- 
can colonies, and who got this Stamp Act 
repealed, was praised as the saviour of 
America. The people of Charles Town 
erected a marble statue of him, which is 
still there. It stands on the grounds of the 
Orphan Asylum. It wants the left arm, 
which was shot off by the British in 
one of the bombardments of the city dur- 
ing the Eevolutionary War. 



93. When was tlie Stamp Act repealed ? What effect 
did this repeal have in England and America ? Who was 
the great friend of the colonies ? How did the people ol 
Charles Town express their admiration of PittV What 
became of that statue ? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 113 

93. - 

The repeal of the Stamp Act did not 
avail much, because the Parliament pro- 
ceeded immediately to pass other acts as 
bad as it, or worse. In 176Y other tax 
laws were passed — glass, paper, tea, and 
many other things that the colonists need- 
ed, were heavily taxed. Three years later 
— 1770 — these taxes were all repealed, ex- 
cept that on tea ; and the colonists quit 
nsino^tea. Then the tax on tea was made 
very light; but still the colonists were 
obstinate about it, and refused to let it 
come into our markets at all. In Charles 
Town they received the first supply of it, 
and stored it up in damp cellars, where it 
rotted. When another cargo arrived, 
they threw it in the sea. This w^as done 
both at Greorge Town and Charles Town. 
The same thing was also done at Boston, 



93. What other taxes were imposed after the Stamp Act 
was repealed? What was done about the tax on tea? 
10* 



114 HISTORY OF 

in tlie north. The men who threw the 
tea overboard were dressed up like In- 
dians, so that nobody could tell who they 
were. 



- 94.- 

This throwing the tea into the sea so en- 
raged the British government that the Par- 
liament at once enacted some very severe 
laws for the colonies, especially for the 
city of Boston. The people of all the 
American colonies saw in this matter that 
they had one common cause ; and what- 
ever went ill with Boston must also go ill 
with all the rest of them. Societies were 



What did the colonists do about the tea? At last what 
was done at George Town, Charles Town, and Boston ? 
Why did those who threw the tea into the sea dress like 
Indians? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. llS 

formed under the name of Sons of Liberty 
all over the country, both north and south, 
to be ready to defend the country in case 
of need. In all these steps of hostility to 
the British crown. South Carolina was 
always prompt and generally leading. 



-95.- 



In 1770 the British government deter- 
mined to keep soldiers in America, in or- 
der to make the colonists obey its laws, 
whether they wanted to do so or not. 
This stirred up the colonists as much as 
the Stamp Act or the tea tax had done a 
few years before. 



94. What was tlie effect of tliis tlirowing the tea into 
the sea upon the British Government ? What laws were 
passed in consequence? What were the Sons of Liberty? 
How did South Carolina act in those times ? 



116 HISTOKY OF 

In 1771 Governor Try on, who lived at 
Newbern and was governor of North Car- 
olina, built him a fine house, costing 
$75,000 ; and made that colony raise the 
money to pay for it. The people formed 
companies, called Eegulators, to keep the 
governor from collecting this tax. The 
governor took some British soldiers and 
went after these Regulators. He found 
them encamped at Alamance Creek — in 
Alamance County — on the 16th of May, 
1771 ; and a skirmish ensued, in which the 
Regulators were defeated and dispersed, 
with a loss of 300 men. This was the first 
actual fighting between the colonists and 
the regular British military authorities. 



95. What offensive measure did the British determine 
On in 1770 ? What did Governor Tryon do in North Car- 
olina ? What were the Regulators ? Where did they have 
a fight ? Wlien ? What was the result ? 



SOUTH CAROLIlSrA. 117 

- 96. - 

The British government kept on it. 
this same way, enacting oppressive laws 
for the colonies, until 1774 ; when Mas- 
sachusetts invited the other American 
colonies to meet in a Congress. This was 
called the First Continental Congress, 
and it met on the 5th of September, 1774. 
South Carolina sent ^ve deputies to rep- 
resent her in the congress — Henry Mid- 
dleton, John Rutledge, Thomas Lynch, 
Christopher Gadsden, and Edward Rut- 
ledge. It sat seven weeks. It issued 
several able papers— a Bill of Rights, an 
Address to the People of Great Britain, 
an Address to the American Colonies, 
and some others. It adjourned to meet 
again on the 10th of May the next year. 
_ — . 

96. When did Massacliiisetts call for a Congress ? What 
was that Congress called ? When did it meet ? How 
many deputies did South Carolina send ? Who were they ? 
How long did this Congress sit ? What did it do ? When 
did it resolve to meet a.erain ? 



118 HISTORY OF 

- 97. - 

The greater part of our people even 
yet did not expect that there would be 
any war with the mother country, as Eng- 
land was called. They hoped that things 
would soon mend. But soon they grew 
worse. General Gage, who commanded 
the British troops in Massachusetts, began 
to fortify Boston ; and, on the other hand, 
the colonies, especially Massachusetts, be- 
gan to form companies, to collect arms, 
to drill, and to get ready for a fight. 
Christopher Gadsden proposed in the 
Continental Congress to get up an army 
and capture General Gage and his sol- 
diers ; but the colonists would not do 
that. 



97. Did our people then expect war ? Who commanded 
the British forces in Massachusetts ? What did he begin 
to do ? Wliat did the colonics do in opposition ? What 
did Christopher Gadsden propose to do ? Did the Congress 
agree to do it ? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 119 



-98. - 



On the 19tli of April, 1775, there was a 
skirmish at Lexington, Massachusetts, be- 
tween some of General Gage's troops, under 
Colonel Smith, and the militia of the place. 
The British numbered 800 ; and the mili- 
tia were but a hundred or so, of whom se- 
ven were killed. Two days after this af- 
fair — on the 21st of April — and before 
the news could reach the south, the Gen- 
eral Committee in Charles Town secretly 
took possession of all the arms, ammunition 
and military stores in that city. This 
General Committee was a body of men 
appointed by the Assembly of South Car- 
olina, to take charge of the defence of the 
colony in case of emergency. The Com- 
mittee consisted of Charles Pinckney, 
William Henry Drayton, Arthur Middle- 



98. When, did tlie ekirmish at Lexington occur? Be- 
tween whom? What result? When did the General 



120 HISTORY OF 

ton, Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, Wil- 
liam Gibbes, and Edward Weyman. 



-99.- 

The governor of tlie State — William 
Bull — as an officer of the British govern- 
ment, offered rewards for the persons who 
had taken the military stores. But no- 
body would find out. Of course every 
body in the city, including the governoi", 
knew all about it ; but nobody was either 
willing or able to bring the parties to jus- 
tice. 

The news of the skirmish at Lexington 
reached Charles Town on the 8th of May 



Committee seize the military stores in diaries Town .^ 
Wliat was that General Committee ? Who composed it ? 

99. What did Governor Bull do towards finding out who 
look the military stores ? Did he succeed ? Why not ? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 121 

— more than two weeks after the seizure 
of the guns and military stores there. 



-100- 

The second meeting of the Congress 
— it is usually called the Second Contin- 
ental Congress — was held in Philadelphia, 
beginning on the 10th of May. The 
same deputies represented South Caroli- 
na as did the year before. This Congress 
determined to fight ; and appointed 
George Washington to be General and 
"Commander in Chief of all the forces 
raised, or to be raised, for the defence of 
the colonies." 

This w^as the practical separation of the 



When did the news of the skirmish at Lexington reach 
Charlestown ? How long was that after the seizure of the 
military stores in that city ? 



122 HISTORY OF 

American colonies from the mother coun- 
try ; but it was not yet done by law. 



-101 



1 



In South Carolina the times were get- 
ting brisk and stormy. The news of Lex- 
ington reached Charles Town on the 8th 
of May. The Assembly of the State met 
on the 1st of June ; and Henry Laurens 
was elected i>resident of that body. They 
resolved at once to raise two regiments of 
infantry and one of cavalry. The infan- 
try regiments were put nnder the com- 
mand of Christopher Gadsden and Wil- 
liam Moultrie. 

Francis Marion, who became so famous. 



100. When did the second Continental Congress meet ? 
Where? Who represented South Carolina? What did 
this Congress resolve to do ? Who was made General and 
Commander-in-Chief ? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 123 

later in the war, was a captain in one of 
tliese regiments. So also was Peter Hor- 
ry, who fought with Marion, and after- 
wards wrote a biography of him. 



-102.- 

Governor Bull was too good a friend to 
the colonists to suit the king ; and accord- 
ingly Lord William Campbell was sent 
over to be governor. He arrived in 
Charles Town on the 18th of June. The 
trouble was fully under way. The battle 
of Bunker's Hill, near Boston, was fought 
the day before the new governor of South 
Carolina reached his post. 



101. When did the Assembly of South Carolina meet ? 
Who was made president ? Wliat did they resolve to do ? 
Who were the colonels or these two infantry regiments? 
What command had Marion and Hovey there ? 



124: HISTORY OF 

During the rest of this year there was 
some fighting in the north ; and some in 
Canada. The British brought over this 
year 40,000 soldiers to subdue America, 
many of whom were German hirelings. 
Sir William Howe was Commander in 
Chief of the British forces ; and had his 
headquarters in Boston. 



103. 



While the people on the sea-board were 
ready for the war, those of the interior 
and mountain districts were not. In the 
up-country there were some loyalists — 
■usually called tories — who gave the rev- 



102. V^liy was Governor Bull removed ? Who succeed- 
ed him ? When did Governor Campbell arrive in Charles 
Town ? Where was there fighting during this year ? How 
many soldiers did the British bring to America? Who 
commanded them ? Where were his headquarters ? 



\ 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 125 

olutionists a great deal of trouble. The 
revolutionists, or those who were in favour 
of fighting for their liberty, were some- 
times called ivJiigs, Of the tories there 
was Captain Moses Kirkland, who had 
command of some guns and ammunition 
belonging to the State at Ninety-Six. He 
gave up these to Major Robertson, who 
was a declared tory before. These two 
— Kirkland and Robertson — together 
with Fletchall, Robert and Patrick Cun- 
ningham, Brown, and many others of less 
note, did a great deal, during the first 
year or two of the war, against the cause 
of liberty, in South Carolina. During 
1775 there was a brisk little fight with 
these tories at Savage's plantation, near 
Ninety-Six, which is in Abbeville district. 



103. Where v/^ere the people readiest for the war ? How 
was the up-country ? Who were called tories ? Who 
were whigs ? Who were some of the most distinguished 
tories of that time ? Where was there a skirmish with the 
tories in 1775 ? 

11* 



126 HISTOEY OF 

-10 4.- 

Governor Campbell did all he could to 
stir up those loyalists or tories ; and sent 
his agents all over the State, to help the 
cause of the king. 

The State Assembly also sent William 
Henry Drayton and the Reverend Wil- 
liam Tennent to the up-country, to induce 
the people there to join the State against 
the king. 

These two classes of the people called 
each other hard names. The loyalists 
called the whigs I'ehels ; while the latter 
called the loyalists tories. 



104. What did Governor Campbell do ? Whom did the 
Assembly send to the up country ? What for ? AVhat did 
the loyalists call the whigs ? What did the whigs call the 
loyalists ? 



M 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 127 

-105.- 

Onthe 24tli of March, 1776, the new 
Plan of Government was submitted to the 
Assembly of South Carolina, and adopted. 
This act changed South Carolina from a 
colony to a State. 

John Kutledge was chosen President 
—as the new governor was called — and 
Henry Laurens Vice President. Other 
officers were chosen at the the same time ; 
and also a Legislative Council, consisting 
of thirteen members, of whom only three 
were from the up-country. 

This was the first regular State govern- 
ment formed by any of the American col- 
onies. 



105. When was the new Plan of Government adopted ? 
Who was chosen President ? Who, Vice President ? How 
many members composed the Legislative Council ? Which 
was the first regular State government formed in America ? 



128 HISTORY OF 



,,..-^^^^"™"^^%.., 



-106.- 

There were, at tlie time when this colo- 
ny became a State, about 60,000 whites 
living here; so that 10,000 soldiers was 
the most that the State, could possibly 
raise when she entered upon the war 
against Great Britain. 

The thirteen colonies had not yet uni- 
ted into a single government. They were 
soon to do so, however. 



106. How many wliites lived in tliis State when the Rev- 
olutionary War began? How many soldiers could the 
State famish? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 129 

- 107.- 

In June, 1776, the first attack was made 
on Charles Town. General Clinton, in 
command of 2,500 British soldiers, reached 
that city by sea on the 4th of June. His 
object was to capture it at once ; but the 
State had gathered 6,000 men about the 
city ; and these were ready for a fight. 
There were a good many places fortified ; 
but the principal one was Fort Sullivan. 



This was situated on the western point of 
Sullivan's Island, six miles from the city. 
The fort had been hastily built of Palmet- 
to logs and sand ; and was under command 
of Colonel Moultrie, who had with him 26 
cannon and 435 men. 

Colonel Thompson with a regiment was 



130 HISTORY OF 

stationed at the eastern end of Sullivan's 
Island ; but the main fight was at Colonel 
Moultrie's Palmetto fort. 



-108. 



When it was known— in May, 17 Y 6 — 
that Clinton was to attack Charles Town, 
General Charles Lee was sent to meet that 
invasion. He brought with him some 
Virginia and North Carolina troops. 
When he reached Charles Town he in- 
spected the defences. He examined Moul- 



107. When did General Clinton reach diaries Town to 
reduce it ? What force did he have ? How many soldiers 
had the State gathered about the city ? Where was the 
main fort ? Who commanded it ? How many cannon and 
men did he have ? Where was Colonel Thompson sta- 
tioned ? Where was the main fight ? 

108. Who was sent south to meet the invasion under 
Clinton ? What troops did Leo bring with him ? What 
did he think of Moultrie's fort ? Why did ho decide to 



i 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 131 

trie's fort on Sullivan's Island, and said 
that it would prove a mere slaughter-pen 
to its brave defenders ; but when he saw" 
the determined spirit of Moultrie's men, 
he consented to let them try. When 
Moultrie was told that the British war- 
ships would knock down his fort in ten 
minutes, he replied that they would then 
lie behin^d the ruins and prevent the ene- 
my from landing. 



109.- 



The naval commander of Clinton's 
forces was Admiral Sir Peter Parker. He 
made his attack upon Moultrie's fort of pal- 
metto logs and sand, on the 28th of June. 
The fire of the British fleet was terrific. 



let tlicm try to liold it ? What did Moultrie say when told 
that his fort could not stand ten minutes ? 



132 



HISTORY OF 



but the palmetto logs did not splinter like 
ordinary timber ; so that the balls buried 
themselves in the spongy wood, with 
very little harm to the works. The guns 
of the fort swept the decks of the ships 
with slaughter. 




Sergeant Jasper putting up the flag again at Fort Sullivan. 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 133 

Early in the action the flag of the fort 
— a simple strip of blue cloth, bearing a 
silver crescent — was shot away. It fell 
outside of the fort. Sergeant Jasper imme- 
diately jumped over the works, and, in 
the hottest of the fire, got the flag, went 
up with it, and put it back in position 
again. The picture shows this spirited 
feat, as seen from the inside of the fort. 



110.- 



After several hours of severe fighting, 
General Lee, seeing that the fort was 
nearly out of ammunition, advised Moul- 
trie to spike his guns and retire. This 



109. Who commanded the British fleet? When did he 
attack Moultrie's fort? Why did the fort stand fire so 
well ? What effect had the fire of the fort upon the ships ? 
What gallant act did Sergeant Jasper perform ? What was 
the flag of South Carolina at that time ? 



134 HISTORY OF 

advice the brave defender declined to 
take ; and after waiting a short time got 
a new supply of powder, and so went on 
with the defence. When President Rut- 
ledge learned that Lee desired to abandon 
the fort, he wrote to Moultrie ; ^' General 
Lee wishes you to abandon the fort. You 
will not, without an order from me. I 
would sooner cut off my hand than write 
one." 

The attack and defence lasted nine 
hours, when the enemy gave up the at- 
tempt, and retired with a loss of 225 men. 
The defenders lost thirty-two. 



-111.- 

The victory of Fort Sullivan — or Fort 



110. What did General Leo advise Moultrie to do wlien 
liis ammunition was nearly out ? What did Moultrie do ? 



SOUTH CAEOLINA. 135 

Moultrie, as it was after that time called, 
from its brave defender — elated the peo- 
ple of the State very much. 

Soon after the repulse of the enemy at 
Charles Town, Lee started in mid-summer 
with his troops to Florida, where there 
was need of help to the cause of freedom. 
yHe got as far as the 0-gee^-chee river 
— near the Georgia line — and was recall- 
ed to the north. 

General Moore was left in comraand of 
the southern troops in South Carolina. 



-112.- 

Six days after the battle of Fort Moul- 



Wliat did President Rutledge write to Moultrie about giv- 
ing up the fort ? How long did the fight last ? How many 
did the enemy lose ? How many the defenders ? 

111. What effect had the victory at Charles Town upon 
the spirits of the South Carolinians ? What move did Lee 
make next ? What point did he reach ? Who succeeded 
him in the command of the forces in South Carolina ? 



136 HISTORY OF 

trie — that is to say on the 4tli of July, 
17Y6 — the Continental Congress in Phila- 
delphia adopted the Declaration of In- 
dependence. When it came np on the 
1st of July, only nine of the thirteen col- 
onies voted for it — New York, Pennsyl- 
vania, South Carolina, and Delaware, vot- 
ing against it. But all these came into 
the measure in the three following days ; 
so that on the 4th it passed, every colony 
voting for it. 

This point closes tlie separate State his- 
tory of South Carolina ; and we enter up- 
on the stirring period of the Revolution- 
ary War, and the histor}^ of the State as 
one of the United States. 



113. Wlien was the Declaration of Independence pass- 
ed ? How many States were in favour of ii on the firs* of 
July ? How many on the 4th ? Which four States were 
not at first in favour of it ? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 137 



^,o.«^'°"'^r^^^ 



- 113. - 

After the signal repulse of the Britisli 
at Fort Moultrie, they did not reenter the 
State for three years. During these three 
years there was a great deal of fighting 
in the north ; an account of which is to be 
found in the history of the United States. 

In January, 1778, there was another 
destructive fire in Charles Town, said to 
have been started by the tories, which 
destroyed near 300 houses. 

During this year a treaty was formed 



lis. Ho\\' ]oBg did the British keep out of South Caroli- 
12* 



138 HISTORY OP 

between the United States and France, ^ 
which gave us very important advan- 
tages. 



-114,- 

Al though the British did not send sol- 
diers into this State for about three years, 
still there were troubles enough without 
that. They arose within the State. 
There were tories and Indians enouoh to 
be rather worse than an invading army. 

A British officer, named John Stuart, 
got in among the Cherokee Indians in the 
up-country, and excited them to a war 
against the Carolinians. The Indians, 



na after tlieir repulse at Cliarles Town ? When did the 
destructive fire occur in that city? How many houses 
were burnt? Who caused the fire? What important 
treaty was formed in 1778 ? 

114. W^hcnce came the troubles to South Carolina during 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 139 

accordingly, united with the tories and 
got up a formidable body of cut-throat 
Indians, and desperate white men, not 
less formidable than the savages. 



-115. 



It became necessary to organize a force 
against these desperadoes, or else they 
would have overrun the whole country. 
Colonel Williamson, accordingly, raised a 
force, and had a fight with the enemy. 
He captured a lot of prisoners, thirteen of 
whom he found to be white men painted 
and dressed like Cherokees, and fighting 
among them in this disguise. These thir- 
teen were tories, who took this way of 



tliese early years of the war ? Who was John Stuart ? 
What did he do ? Who joined the Indians against the 
Carolinians ? 



140 HISTORY OF 

helping the Britiih. When this was made 
known, it gave rise to some bloody work; 
for the families of these tories would kill 
anybody that dared to tell the truth about 
it, and of course would get killed in re- 
turn sometimes. 



116 



Williamson saw that something worse 
must be done to these Cherokees before 
they would at all behave. lie raised a 
body of 1200 men, and went into the In- 
dian country. He was twice ambuscaded 
— lain in wait for — by the savages ; once 
at Occ-no-ree' creek, where his little army 
was driven back in disorder, but was rai- 



ns. Who raised a force against the Indians ? WTiat did 
he discover in the prisoners captured ? What resulted from 
this discovery ? 



SOUTH CAKOLINA. 141 

lied by Colonel Samuel Hammond, order 
was restored, and the day regained ; and 
again at the narrow defile of No-e-wee^, 
which lies between two mountains. Here 
1200 warriors, posted on the surrounding 
heights, lay in wait for the Carolinians ; 
and it was with the greatest difficulty that 
they were finally dislodged and driven 
back farther into the mountain wilds. 



117. 



The Cherokees, after their defeat at N'o- 
ewee, made no general stand against 
Williamson ; but as disaster followed dis- 
aster with them, the great body of their 



116. What did Williamson do ? How many men did lie 
ma roll against the Indians ? What occurred at Occ-no-ree 
creek ? Who rallied the men ? What occurred at Noe- 
wee pass ? 



142 HISTORY OF 

braves took refuge ia Florida. A rem- 
nant of them remained, wliicli exists at 
this time in Cherokee county, in North 
Carolina. They now number about 2000. 
In that day there must have been about 
80,000. 

Williamson took very much such course 
with them as Grant had done in 1761 — 
sixteen years before. He burnt every 
town, village, settlement, house, stable, 
and fence. It was at this time that the 
Cherokees gave up to South Carolina that 
part of the State now known as Pickens, 
O-co'-nee, Anderson, and Greenville coun- 
ties. 



117. Where did tlie defeated braves of tlie Cherokees 
seek refuge ? Where do they now live ? How many are 
there now ? How many were there then ? How did Wil- 
liamson do ? What country did the Cherokees then cede 
to South Carolina ? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 143 



-118. 



In 17Y9 the « British made another at- 
tempt to take Charles Town — or, as it was 
at this time frequently written, Charles- 
town— which lasted for a good while. 

Rawlins Lowndes was president of 
South Carolina at this time ; and General 
Lincoln, of Massachusetts, was in command 
of the continental troops in the south. 

The British already held Savannah, 
Georgia ; and from that city tried to take 
Charles Town. General Prevost, the 
British commander, determined to seize 
the city of Charles Town. He sent Col- 
onel Gardner with 200 men to Port Roy- 
al, as a first step. 



118. When did the British make their second attempt to 
take Charles Town ? Who was then president of the 
State ? Who was in command of the southern troops ? 
How did the British proceed against the city ? Who was 
sent to Port Royal ? With liow many men ? 



144 HISTORY OF 

- 119. - 

Colonel Moultrie was sent to meet Pre- 
vost at Port Royal ; and drove him off 
witli a small force of militia, under Cap- 
tains Heyward, Rutledge, and Barnwell, 
who greatly distinguished themselves. 

The provisional government was chang- 
ed for the regular government in 1779, 
when South Carolina became one of the 
United States by regular legislation, the 
thirteen separate States all agreeing upon 
a federal constitution. John Rutledge 
was elected first governor of this State. 

Thus Charles Town was saved for a lit- 
tle while longer. 

About this time Colonel Boyd — a tory 
of the western part of the State — gather- 
ed several hundred tories and formed a 
band that threatened to give much trou- 
ble. Colonel Pickens was sent as^ainst 
Boyd, and dispersed the band of tories in 
a sharp fight at Kettle Creek. Boyd was 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 145 

killed and about 100 of his men captured. 
These j)risoners were tried by jury for 
treason, and 10 of them were found guilty 
and condemned to death. Only five of 
these were hanged, the others being par- 
doned after awhile. 



120 



These successes made the southern, 
troops too confident. This over-confi- 
dence resulted in a terrible defeat at 
Briar Creek. General Lincoln sent Colo- 
nel Ashe, of North Carolina, with 1500 
troops, from that State principally, across 



119. Who was sent to Port Royal against Prevost? 
What did he do? What captains distinguished them- 
I selves? When was the Union formed regularly? WImd 
I was first governor ? What did Captain Boyd do ? Who 
t defeated him ? What was done with the prisoners ? 
I 13 



146 HISTORY OF 

to Savannah, in order to impede the ope- 
rations of the enemy about the city of 
Savannah. Ashe went to Briar Creek, 
was so confident that he neglected the 
proper picket and vidette precautions, 
and was thus surprised by Prevost with 
less than a thousand men, and completely 
routed. Ashe was tried by military court 
and cashiered. 



-121. 



When Ashe was so shamefully defeated 
at Briar Creek, General Lincoln, with the 
main part of the southern army, set out 
for Augusta; and got 150 miles from the 
mouth of the Savannah. At the same 



120. What effect had these successes upon the southern 
troops ? Who was defeated at Briar Creek ? How ? What 
was done to Colonel Ashe for his course at that place ? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 147 

time Prevost, with 2,000 chosen British 
troops, crossed from the Georgia side into 
South Carolina, and marched for Charles 
Town. 

General — formerly Colonel — Moultrie, 
with 1000 militia, threw himself in the 
way of Prevost, in hopes of delaying him 
until Lincoln might arrive with the main 
army. The militia about Charles Town 
was put in fighting order; breastw^orks 
were thrown up across the neck ; and 
everything done that could be to give the 
enemy a good fight when they should 
come. 

Moultrie got to the city ahead of Pre- 
vost ; and Lincoln was hurrying on down. 



121. What move did Lincoln make? Which way did 
Prevost march 1 "Who tried to delay the enemy ? What 
did they do in Charles Town ? Who reached the city first ? 



148 HISTORY OF 

-122.- 

Oa the lOth of May, 1119, it was that 
Prevost crossed the Ashley river ;^ and, 
after some skirmishing, summoned the 
city to surrender. 

Ex-President — now Governor — Rut- 
ledge consumed a day or two in negotiations 
about the surrender; and made several 
propositions, in order to gain time. At 
last Prevost became impatient, and de- 
manded the immediate surrender of the 
military forces about the city. Kutledge 
referred the demand to Moultrie, as the 
highest military authority ; and that offi- 
cer promptly replied : '' I will save the 
city." He felt strong, because he knew 
that Lincoln was close behind the British. 
Prevost soon found out this too, and at 
once gave up the siege. 

122. When did Prevost cross the Ashley, and demand the 
surrender of the city ? What did Rutledge do ? When 
Prevost demanded a surrender what did Rutledge do? 
What did Moultrie say ? Why was he so bold ? W^liat 
course did Prevost take ? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 149 

- 123.- 

Prevost recrossed the Ashley and re- 
tired to tlie adjacent islands. He took 
position at Stono — about thirty miles 
from Charles Town — and Lincoln deter- 
mined to dislodge him. He made his 
attack on the 20th of June, and the 
fight was obstinate and long ; but he fail- 
ed to drive Prevost away, and had to re- 
turn to the city. 

Colonel Malmedy and Lieutenant-Colo- 
nel Henderson distinguished themselves in 
this battle. 



- 124 



The siege of Savannah by the French 



123. Where did Prevost stop ? What did Lincoln try to 
do ? WTien was the battle fought ? What was the result ? 
W^hat officers distinguished themselves ? 
13* 



160 HISTORY OF 

fleet of Count D'Estaing \_des-tai7ig^]^ aid- 
ed by some American land troops under 
Lincoln, commenced on the 5th of Octo- 
ber, 1779. On tlie 9tli of May they made 
an attempt to take the city by storm ; but 
failed ; although both the flags of France 
and of South Carolina were planted on 
the ramparts of the British works. Lin- 
coln wished to try again, but D'Estaing 
refused, and re embarked his French 
troops. So Lincoln was obliged to return 
to Charles Town. 

Sergeant Jasper, who had distinguish- 
ed himself so much at the battle of Fort 
Moultrie, was killed at Savannah. He 
had planted his flag upon the enemy's 
works, and it was shot down ; when he 
rushed up and caught it. He was shot at 
that moment, and died a few hours after. 



124. When did the siege of Savannah begin ? By whom 
was it made ? When did tliey assault it ? What was the 
result? What did Lincoln want to do? What did D'Es- 
taing do ? What 18 said of Sergeant Jasper ? 



SOUTH CAKOLINA. 151 

- 125.- 

'Next year— 1780— the British came 
again to take Charles Town. 

On the 11th of February, when the en- 
emy landed thirty miles below the city, 
South Carolina had but six regiments, 
amounting in all to about 800 troops 
— barely one full regiment. 

General Clinton landed on John's Is- 
land with about 8,000 British soldiers. 
Against these General Lincoln found it 
difficult to rake up as many as half that 
number to defend the city. These were 
gathered from all quarters, and in part 
were militia called together by Governor 
Kutledge in a proclamation. 

Clinton took a month to get ready, 
and this delay gave Lincoln time to pre- 
pare for him. Then after a siege of eight 



125. When did tlie British again try Charles Town? 
Where did Clinton land? When? With what force? 



152 HISTORY OF 

weeks, the city was called on to surren- 
der. This demand was made three times, 
and as often refused. 



126. - 



The forts and breastworks of the ene- 
my around the city were drawn closer and 
closer, and the fire of shot and shell was 
made hotter and heavier, until the 12th 
of May, when Lincoln surrendered the 
city to the British. 

Colonel Thomas Pinckney distinguished 
himself during this siege by his gallant 
defence of Fort Moultrie. 

The sufferings of*our people during this 
siege were great ; but the ill treatment of 



How many troops did Lincoln gather to defend the city 1 
How long did Clinton take to get ready ? How long did 
the siege last ? How often was its surrender demanded ? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 153 

the enemy made it worse after the cap- 
ture than it had been during the siege, 
with all its privations. 



127. 



Now the war in South Carolina began 
in dead earnest. 

Soon after Clinton got possession of 
Charles Town, he sent three armies into the 
interior — one, under Lord Cornwallis, to- 
wards Camden ; another, under Colonel 
Cruger, towards Ninety-Six ; and the third, 
under Colonel Brown, to Augusta. Colonel 
Tarleton — who was so often and so de- 
servedly called The Bloody Tarleton — 



126. When did tlie city fall into tlie hands of the ene- 
my ? What officer distinguished himself in the defence 
cf Fort Moultrie ? Did the people in the city Buffer more 
duriDg the siege or after the capture ? 



154 HISTORY OF 

with his cavalry were ranging at large 
over the whole State. 



- 128.- 

General Horatio Gates was sent to take 
command of the southern armies, in place 
of Lincjoln, who had surrendered Charles 
Town. 

When the three British armies started 
from Charles Town for the interior, sev- 
eral partisan leaders raised forces and pre- 
pared to resist the invasion at every step. 

These partisan leaders w^ere, Sumter, 
w4io was on the Catawba ; Marion, in the 



127. What did Clinton do soon after he got possession 
of Charles Town ? Who commanded the army sent to- 
wards Camden ? The one sent towards Ninety-Six ? The 
one sent to Augusta? Where was the Bloody Tarleton 
with his cavalry ? 



ei 



SOUTH CAEOLINA. 155 

Pedee swamps and on the Santee ; Pick- 
ens, on the Sa-lu^-da ; and in various parts 
of the State, changing as they all did 
from time to time, were Hampton, the 
two Hammonds, Williams of Ninety-Six, 
McCall, and Liddle. There were many 
others beside these ; and all did noble 
service, and won honourable places in 
history. 



-129.- 

At this time, when the patriots were 
earning so much glory by their brave 
deeds, General Williamson, of Cambridge, 
won for himself dishonour. He was af- 



128. Who now commanded the southern armies in the 
south ? Who were some of the most noted of the partisan 
leaders who opposed the enemy ? Where was Sumter ? 
Marion ? Pickens ? 



156 HISTORY OF 

terwards called the Arnold of Carolina ; 
because, like tbat traitor, he turned 
against his country. Pie called together 
all the militia under his command and ad- 
vised them that it would be best for them 
to consider themselves included in the 
surrender of Charles Town. This gave 
them an excuse for not joining the patriots 
who were fighting for their country. 
Williamson soon found the up-country 
dangerous for him ; so he went to the ene- 
my in the city. He, after all this, did the 
State some service, by turning spy against 
the British. 



129. What is the story of Williamson of Cambridge ? 
What did he advise his militia to do ? What did he do 
himself? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 157 

- 13 0. - 

On the 29th of May, 1780, Tarletou— 
the bloody dragoon of the British army — 
surprised Colonel Buford, at the Waxhaws. 
Buford was marching to relieve Charles 
Town with three or four hundred men ; 
while his opponent had been sent to ar- 
rest his march. Tarleton had at least 
twice as many men as Buford. The fight 
was short ; and Buford and his men were 
routed and dispersed, many of them being 
butchered after they had surrendered. 
This ajDpears from the fact that five out 
of every six of Buford's men were either 
killed or wounded; while Tarleton lost 
five killed and twelve wounded. Tarle- 
ton was very highly praised by Cornwal- 
lis for this victory. 



130. Where did Tarleton defeat Buford ? Wliat cruelty 
were the British guilty of? How many were killed or 
wounded of the Americans ? How many of the British ? 
14 



158 



HISTORY OF 



- 131. - 

During the spring of 1780, South Caro- 
lina appeared to be pretty well conquer- 
ed by the British ; at least they believed 
so. and acted accordingly. But the pa- 
triots were making ready. Tarleton ruled 
the whole up-country by the terror of his 
name. 




General Thomas Sumter, [formerly Colonel.] 

This lasted until the 12 th of July, 
when Colonel Sumter came back from 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 159 

North Carolina with one or two hundred 
men, and fell upon Captain Huck and 
Colonel Ferguson, who were encamped 
upon Williams's plantation, in the upper 
part of the State, and utterly routed their 
command. Captain Huck being among 
the killed. In this fight Colonel Bratton 
and Captain McClure distinguished them- 
selves ; as they had done a few weeks be- 
fore, at Mobley's Meeting House in Fair- 
field county. 

This victory, though in itself a small 
affair, roused the hopes of the people 
greatly; and Sumter soon had six hun- 
dred determined men in his regiment. 



131. What was tlie state of tlie country in the sprmg of 
1780? What of Tarleton? When did Sumter return 
from North Carolina and defeat Huck at Williams's planta- 
tion ? What effect had this victory on the spirits of the 
people ? 



160 



HISTORY OF 



-132. 



Oa the 30th of July, Sumter made an 
attack upon the British post at Rocky 
Mount, in Fairfield county ; but failed to 
dislodge them. He immediately moved 
on to another post at the Hanging Rock, 
where a large body of the enemy — both 
British and tories — were stationed. 



U i^ 




SOUTH CAROLINA. 161 

The picture represents the rock from 
which the place took its name. This rock 
is about twenty-five feet in diameter, and 
lies upon — almost hangs over — the east 
bank of Hanging Rock creek, which flows 
into Lynch's creek — a tributary of the 
Pedee. The rock is about 100 feet higher 
than the creek. Under the rock is room 
for fifty men to find shelter in a rain. 

Here Sumter fell upon the enemy with 
his usual spirit, and utterly routed them, 
and annihilated a pet regiment known as 
the Prince of Wales's regiment. This was 
on the 6th of August. 



132. With what success did Sumter attack Rocky Mount ? 
When ? What did he do at the Hanging Rock ? When 
was this ? 

14* 



162 HISTORY OF 

-133. ~ 

While Sumter was doino: such active 



o 



and efficient service along the Catawba, 
the other partisan leaders were doing 
good service in a small way in other parts 
of the State. Colonel Williams, of Nine- 
ty-Six, on the 18th of August fought a 
small battle on the En-o-ree' river, at a 
place called Musgrove's mills. The tories, 
under Colonel Innis, were driven aAvay 
from the post. 



-134. 



About the same time — in July — the 
affair at Cedar Springs in Spartanburg 
county took place. Here were collected 



133. Who fouglit the battle of Musgrove's mills ? What 
was the result ? Who commanded the tories ? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 163 

about 200 patriots under Colonel E. 
Clarke, including the several small com- 
mands of Liddle, Hammond, and McCall, 
with a handfull of Geors^ians. A force of 
several hundred British and tories, led by 
Colonel Dunlap, tried to surprise the pat- 
riots ; but two women — Mrs. Dillard and 
Mrs. Thomas — gave them warning ; so 
that when the enemy came up, about an 
hour before day light, the patriots were 
ready for them. The fight was hand-to- 
h'and and very fierce ; and at last the to- 
ries were routed and driven away. 



- 135. - 

A continental army was then sent 



134. Who were encamped at Cedar Springs? How 
many ? Who attacked them ? What two women gave 
the alarm ? What was the result of the fiofht ? 



164 HISTORY OF 

to South Carolina, of wliicli General 
Gates was in command. Gates had re- 
cently beaten the British army of General 
Bur-goyne' at Sar-a-to'-ga, and he came 
south with the reputation of a great gen- 
eral. He directed his march to Camden, 
where he was met by Cornwallis, with 
2,200 men. 

When the American army started from 
the north it was under command of the Ba- 
ron De Kalb, a distinguished German who 
had won laurels in the wars of Europe. 
But on the way Gates joined the army by 
Washington's order ; and being an older 
general than De Kalb, became command- 
er of the army, numbering, all told, nearly 
4,000 men. De Kalb then commanded a 
part of the army under Gates. 



135. Who commanded tlie American army that came to 
the relief of South Carolina? What victory had Gates 
won in the north? How many men had Cornwallis ? How 
many had Gates? What distinguished German BaroD 
was witli Gates ? 



SOUTH CAEOLINA. 165 

- 136. - 

The mixed forces of Gates, although of 
lar2:er number, were no match for the well- 
disciplined regulars of Cornwallls. The 
battle came off on the 16th of August, 
1780 ; and is called the battle of Camden. 
Our army did not stand long; because 
Gates put his raw militia in front, and 
they knew nothing about fighting. The 
militia broke, and then it became difiicult 
to keep order. Gates did little or noth- 
ing. De Kalb fought like a tiger. He 
was maddened to frenzy by the poor 
fighting that the Virginians, the North 
Carolinians, and the militia had done. 
He fell, after receiving eleven wounds, of 
which he died two days after. A mon- 
ument erected by a grateful people per- 
petuates his memory. 



13G. When was tlie battle of Camden fought? Between 
what generals ? What caused the defeat of the Amen- 



166 



HISTORY OF 




DeKalb's Monument. 



Tbe monument is of marble, the base 
being of granite, and the entire height is 
about fifteen feet. There are inscriptions 
on all four sides. It stands in front of the 
Presbyterian church, on De Kalb street, in 
Camden. It was erected since 1825. 



cans? Who fouglit poorly? What of Baron de Kalb? 
W^hat is said of his monument ? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 16? 



-137.- 

^ Although De Kalb, with the continent- 
als, or regulars, fought heroically, the de- 
feat was utter. Gates fled on his swiftest 
horses to Charlotte, and lost about half 
his men and all his baggage. All the 
glory that he brought from Saratoga van- 
ished in his ignominious flight from Cam- 
den to Charlotte. He was a native of 
I England. 

I A few days after the battle of Camden, 
I in which Tarleton, the bloody dragoon, 
I took part, that officer was sent by Corn- 
I wallis to attack Sumter, who had just taken 
\ a lot of prisoners at Fort Carey, on the 
Wateree river. Sumter had a great deal 
of captured property and 300 prisoners ; 
I so that he was encumbered ; and thus 
i Tarleton had an easy victory. He routed 
( and dispersed Sumter's command, almost 



168 HISTORY OF 

"witliout resistance, the surprise being 
coroplete. This was at Fishing Creek. 



- 138. - 

Cornwallis went to Charlotte and made 
that his headquarters. He sent Ferguson 
— the same that Sumter had beaten a few 
months before at Williams's plantation — 
to unite the tories in York and that 
mountain country. Ferguson encamped 
on King's Mountain, with about 1500 
men. 

Here he was attacked on the Yth of 
October, 1780, by Colonel Campbell and 
1000 volunteers. The victory was com- 
plete. The Americans lost only 20 men ; 
while the British or tory loss was 800 



137. W^here did Gates flee to ? W^hat disaster befell the 
Americans at Fisliinf? Creek ? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 



169 



prisoners and 500 killed and wounded. 
The officers under Campbell, who com- 
manded with distinction in this battle, 
were Colonels Cleveland, Shelby, Sevier, 
and Williams. 




King's Mountain Battle Ground 



The picture shows the valley at the foot 
of the hill — on the left — where the hot- 
test of the fighting was done. The big 
tulip tree on the right is v/here ten tories 

15 



170 HISTORY OF 

were said to have been hanged. The 
monument, by which a man is standing, 
is to the memory of Ferguson. 



-139.- 

Cornwallis went back to Winnsboro' 
after Ferguson's defeat at King's Moun- 
tain. Andrew Jackson — then a boy of 
fourteen — shot at the British as they 
marched through his neighbourhood, on 
this march. 

Colonel Campbell and the brave men 
who made King's Mountain famous, were 
soon compelled to take refuge in the moun- 
tains. Sumter and his forces had been 



138. Where did Cornwallis then go ? Whom did he send 
to unite the tories in York ? What was the force of tories 
and British? Of Americans? Who distinguished them- 
selves in that battle ? 



SOUTH CAEOLINA, 



171 



dispersed at Fisliing Creek. All the oth- 
er partisans had been in the ill-fated army 
of Gates, who had pushed on from Char- 
lotte to Hillsborough. 

So that again South Carolina was ap- 
parently conquered. 




General Francis Marion. 



Marion alone kept a command in the 
State ; and he kept out of Tarleton's way, 
hid in the Santee swamps. 



172 HISTORY OF 

It was a dark day for the State. 



140 



In a few months — as winter drew near 
— there was a rally. 

Marion still held the swamp of the San- 
tee and below. Here he earned the epi- 
thet of Swamp Fox^ by which he was 
often known. 

Sumter — known, for his boldness in 
battle, as The Game Cock — returned to 
the centre of the State, and rallied a com- 
mand of volunteers. 

Pickens — successor to Williams — too, 
gathered about him a band of mountain- 
ers, in the upper part of the State ; with 



139. Where did Cornwallis go to from Charlotte ? 
Where were Campbell and bis volunteers? Where were 
Sumter and his brave followers ? Where was Marion ? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 173 

whom were Twisrors and Clarke of Geor- 
gia. 

But Sumter was the hero of this sea- 
son. Cornwallis said that Sumter was 
the greatest trouble the British had en- 
countered in the State. 



141. - 



Cornwallis was at Winnsboro'. Sum- 
ter became, by the incoming of recruits, 
bold enough to give him alarm. The 
bold partisan hung around that region, 
mainly on the Catawba side; frequently 
in the neighborhood of Catawba Falls ; 
which, as you see, is rather a cascade than 
a regular fall.. 



140. At the opening of winter where was Marion ? Sum- 
ter? Pickens and his volunteers? What did Cornwallis 
think of Sumter? 
15* 



174 



HISTORY OF 




Catawba Falls. [From the west side of the river, looknig toward 
Lancaster.] 

Tarleton, having failed to catch Marion 
in his swamps below, set about the task 
of capturing Sumter. But this, too, was a 
hard job, as he soon found. He sent 
Major Wemyss to surprise The Game 
Cock ; but the result was that "Wemyss 
with his command was surprised, defeat- 



141. Where -svas Cornwallis? WHiat did Sumter do? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 175 

ed, cut to pieces, and driven off iu confu- 
sioD. 



-142.- 

Tarleton himself then went to drive 
Sumter out of the State, capture him, or 
annihilate his command. 

Sumter was getting ready for him. 
Companies and battalions were coming to 
join him from the northern part of the 
State— Clarke, Twiggs, and Chandler, all 
Georgians, were with him; so were Brat- 
ton, Thomas, McCall, Winn, and Ham- 
mond, of South Carolina. Cherokee Ford, 
on Broad river, was a neighbourhood 
where these parties frequently resorted. 



Where did lie stay ? Whom did Tarleton send to capture 
Sumter ? What was the result ? 



176 



HISTORY OF 



^^'l^^ ' 


--"^ 


B^^^^ 


^ffi 


HHM^"^^' 


-^^H| 




^9 


^^^^^^v^ 


^^n 


^^^v^3i^^^^^^^B 


hhHI 



Mountain Gorge, near Cherokee Ford. 

Sumter moved to Blackstocks — a ford 
on Tyger river — in the extreme western 
part of Union comity. 

Tarleton marched in hot haste as usual, 
and on the 20th of November, 1780, came 
to Sumter's position. His artillery being 
some miles behind, he wanted to let it 
catch up ; and while thus waiting Sumter 
dashed in upon him and fought with his 
usual impetuosity and bravery. The bat- 



SOUTH CAROLIXA. 177 

tie lasted several hours, and resulted in 
the defeat of Tarleton, who left 200 men 
upon the field. 



143.- 



Sumter was badly wounded in the bat- 
tle of Blackstocks ; and Twiggs, of Geor- 
gia, succeeded to the command of this 
victorious little army. Sumter was not 
able to take the field again for a few 
months ; and in that few months many 
changes occurred. The southern regular 
army had been well-nigh ruined by the de- 
feat of Gates at Camden. Gates still held 
command, but was in Hillsborough, North 
Carolina ; and his army consisted of a dis- 
spirited collection of about 1000 soldiers, 



I 143. Who fought with Sumter when Tarleton went af- 
Iter him ? Where was the battle fought ? When ? What 
was Tarleton's loss ? What was the result ? 



178 HISTORY OF 

and the same number of militia. The 
last feat of Gates was to send Colonel 
William Washington to take Camden, 
which was guarded by a militia tory colo- 
nel, named Kugely. 



-144.- 

Colonel Washington did not have 
enough men to take the place by storm ; 
and so resorted to stratagem. He painted 
a pine log to look like a cannon, and 
mounted it on a pair of wagon wheels. 
This he rolled up in sight of the fort at 
Camden, and demanded the surrender of 
the place. Rugely, who was an ambitious 
man, and then an aspirant for the office of 



143. What happened to Sumter at Blackstocks? Who 
took command of his forces ? Where was Gates ? How 
much army did he have ? What was his last feat ? 



SOUTH CAKOLINA. 179 

brigadier-general in the British army, 
hated to surrender ; but was afraid that 
the wagon- wheels and pine log, which 
looked so much like a cannon, would 
force him to do so even if he made a fight, 
he surrendered. This was on the 4th of 
December, 1780. 

Rugely was never made a brigadier- 
general. 



145.- 



I General Gates made a failure in the 
jsouth. So, another general was sent to 
■take his place. This was General Na- 
thaniel Greene, a Khode Island man, who 
jwas born a Quaker. The Quakers are op- 



j 144. What trick did Washington resort to to make 
llugely surrender ? Did it succeed ? When was this ? 
Was Rugely ever promoted ? 



180 HISTORY OF 

posed to all Avars ; but Greene gave up 
his church, and became one of the best 
warriors of those times 

He commenced his work at Charlotte, 
North Carolina. 

The southern army, when it came un- 
der his command, numbered 9Y0 conti- 
nental or regular soldiers and l,113militia. 
This was the 3d of December, 1780. 

Green went to Cheraw; and sent Gen- 
eral Morgan to Ninety -Six. 

Cornwallis sent his bloody dragoon 
— Tarleton — after Morgan. 

Morgan met Tarleton at Cowpens, in 
the upper part of Spartanburg county. 



145. Who superseded General Gates ? Who was Greeue ? 
Where did he begin ? When ? How many soldiers did he 
find in the southern army? Where did Greene go? Where 
did he send Morgan ? Whom did Cornwallis send after 
Morgan ? Where did they meet ? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 181 



-146. ~ 



Cowpens is about forty miles west of 
King's Mountain, and near the North 
Carolina line. 

Morgan met Tarleton there on the 17th 
of January, 1781. On each side there 
were a thousand good soldiers. Tarleton 
made the attack ; and charge after charge 
of the most gallant kind was made, but in 
vain. Morgan's men had confidence in 
their leader, fought like Spartans, and 
had the advantage of 230sition. It was 
one of the best fought battles of the war ; 
and was one that did more to give confi- 
dence to the southern people than any 
other ever fought within the limits of this 
State. It was the turning point of the 
revolution in South Carolina. Tarleton's 
name was broken by his defeat. He lost 
fully two-thirds of his men, 500 being 
taken prisoners. 

Colonel Pickens and Washington were 

16 



182 HISTORY OF 

in this glorious battle ; so also were Colo- 
nel Howard and Major McDowal. 



147. 



Morgan immediately crossed Broad riv- 
er, and then the Catawba, to join Greene 
at Cheraw; and before Cornwallis got 
ready to pursue him, a freshet swelled the 
latter river, so that he could not cross for 
many days. When the waters fell, Corn- 
wallis crossed the Catawba in pursuit of 
Morgan ; his passage being contested by 
General Davidson, whom Greene had 
sent to impede the British army as much 
as possible. 



146. When was tlie battle of Cowpens fouglit? How 
many on eacli side ? What of the importance of this bat- 
tle ? How great was Tarleton's loss ? Who were present ? 



SOUTH CAEOLINA. 183 

Greene retired northward to Virginia ; 
and having recruited his army there, he 
returned and met Cornwallis at Guilford 
court-house in North Carolink. The Brit- 
ish were the victors in that battle, al- 
though Greene had 4,500 men — more 
than twice the number of Cornwallis's — 
but the British loss was much heavier 
than the American. 

Cornwallis went to Virginia; and 
Greene returned to South Carolina, taking 
230sition at Camden. 



-148.- 

Marion made an ineiffectual effort to 
take Georgetown. 



147. What did Morgan do immediately after tlie battle 
of Cowpens? What prevented Cornwallis's pursuit? 
Where did Greene and Cornwallis meet ? Who won 1 
What were tlie respective numbers? Where did Corn 
wallis go ? Where did Greene take position ? 



184 HISTORY OF 

Sumter, though still feeble from his 
wound, took the field again ; and made an 
attempt to take a little fort at Granby — • 
close to Columbia, a mile below on the 
opposite side of the Congaree river — but 
Kawdon was sent after him from the post 
at Camden, which Greene had held but a 
little while ; and Sumter had to move on. 
He went down and crossed the Santee 
river ; and there tried to take Fort Wat- 
son ; but Rawdon drove him away again. 
As Sumter was passing near Camden a 
few weeks later, he was attacked by Ma- 
jor Fraser ; but repelled the attack with 
loss to the enemy. 



148. What of Marion's atteriipt on Georgetown ? What 
did Sumter do at Granhy? Who drove him off? What 
did he do at Fort Watson ? What occurred near Camden ? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 185 

- 149. - 

During this period of mixed adventure 
— of defeats, dash, and victories — Marion, 
with his famous Brigade, was as active as 
the busiest ; and did effective and brilliant 
service in the eastern part of the State. 
Among these exploits was the reduction 
of Fort Watson — the place from which 
Rawdon had driven Sumter a short time 
before. 

Besides the partisans just mentioned, 
there were also Huger, Horry, and Har- 
den — all noble and brave men, and all do- 
ing honourable service in the cause of in- 
dependence. 



149. What did Marion do about this time ? What other 
names are mentioned with honour for services during this 
spring? 



186 HISTORY OF 

-150. - 

At the time Greene went to Camden, 
that place was held by Rawdon. Greene 
encamped on Hobkirk's Hill, where he 
was attacked by the British general and 
driven from the position. This battle was 
fought on the 25th of April, 1781; and 
the loss was about equal on both sides. 

But the tide of fortune was turning to- 
wards the Americans. 

Rawdon soon found it too hot for him 
at Camden, on account of the j^artisan 
leaders all around him. For safety he re- 
treated to Nelson's Ferry ; and soon after 
to Charles Town. 

Then, in rapid succession, the following 
posts fell into the hands of the Ameri- 
cans — Fort Watson, captured by Marion ; 
Fort Motte and Fort Granby, by Colonel 
Lee of Marion's brigade ; Nelson's Ferry, 
abandoned without an attack by Rawdon, 
as already stated ; and Orangebui'g, by 
Sumter. 



SOUTH CAEOLINA. 187 

All these during May, 1781. 
The enemy soon re-captured Orange- 
burg. 



151, - 



The capture of some of these posts was 
attended with circumstances that are 
worthy of note. Fort Motte, for example, 
was reduced by the noble sacrifice of her 
( property by Mrs. Motte. The fort had 
I been built around Mrs. Motte's house, 
I which was near the Congaree river, in 
I Orangeburg county. The family were 
I driven out, and were living in the neigh- 
bourhood. Lee's men had built a mound 



150. How did the battle of Hobkirk's Hill occur? What 
I was the result ? What two posts did Rawdon abandon ? 
1 What fort did Marion take ? What two forts did Colonel 
' Lee take? What post did Sumter take? When were 
j these captures made ? Which one was soon re-captured ? 



188 HISTORY OF 

of earth, wliicli is still to be seen there, 
from which the riflemen could command 
the inside of the fort ; but the house pro- 
tected the enemy still. It was necessary 
to burn the house. Mrs. Motte got a bow 
with arrows from a negro boy, and gave 
it to Lee ; and with this they threw fire, 
fastened to the arrows, upon the house, 
and set it afire. The British surrendered, 
rather than be roasted. As soon as the 
enemy surrendered, Lee's men put out the 
fire, and the house stood some years after 
that. Another house stands there now ; 
as shown in this picture : — 



Mrs. Motte's House (as it is now.) 



151. How did Lee at last take Fort Motte? Was the 
Louse consumed ? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 189 

-152.- 

Colonel Cruger — a northern tory — held 

the fort at Ninety-Six, with a garrison of 

600 men — all tories. Greene laid siege 

to the fort, commencing on the 23d of 

I May, 1781. His engineer in this siege 

was the famous Polish exile — Kos-ci-ns^-ko 

j^^^who was a safe engineer, but very 

I slow. 

On the 18th of June, Greene decided 
I to storm the fort, because he learned that 
' Rawdon was coming with an army to re- 
'jlieve it. The assault was made. It was 
,' gallant, but bloody and unsucessful. 
Eawdon arrived soon after; but in a few 
' weeks he returned to Charles Town, and 
: all the British forces went back with him. 



152. What officer commanded tlie fort at Ninety-Six ? 
What force had he ? When did Greene lay siege to thie 
fort ? When did he storm it ? Why did he storm it ? 



190 HISTORY OF 

Thus was the fort at Ninety-Six given up 
by the enemy. 



153.- 



When he left Ninety-Six, Greene, after 
some skirmishing about Orangeburg, went 
to the High Hills of Santee, to spend the 
sickly season of mid-summer — to recruit 
his exhausted and suffering army, and to 
feed his broken-down horses. 

The people of the State were much dis- 
couraged, although the enemy were being 
driven towards the coast. Everybody 
was getting worn out with the war ; and 
it was hard to keep farmers in the army, 
when their families were suffering for 



What was the result ? Who arrived with, reenforceniente ? 
What did liawdon do ? 

153. Where did Greene retire after leaving Ninety Six? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 191 

food at home. They said anything would 
be better than an eternal war. 



- 154. - 

During this year — 1781 — there was a 
great deal of partisan warfare in this 
State. The leaders already mentioned — 
Sumter, Marion, and Pickens — were aided 
or followed by a host of local and native 
partisan officers as gallant and daring as 
any in history ; such as, the two Hamp- 
tons, the two Hammonds, the two H orrys. 
Lacy, Mahan, Taylor, Middleton, Polk, 
ISTiel, Hill, Winn, Bratton, Brandon, Bax- 
ter, Postell, James, McCottry, Mowzon, 
V^anderhorst, Giles, Davie, Harden, and 
nany others. 



ror wliat purpose? How were the people all over the 
Jtate beginning to feel about the war . 



192 HISTOKY OF 

These officers, and thousands of men as 
brave as they, fought hundreds of bril- 
liant skirmishes in all parts of the State. 
Almost every creek, hill, and valley in the 
State is the scene of some dashing affair. 
These men harassed the flanks of the 
marching enemy ; hung upon his move- 
ments ; cutoff his supplies; captured his 
guards ; and in a hundred different ways 
did more to disj^irit and subdue the proud 
British army tlian a large and regularly 
organized army would have done. 



- 155. - 

General Greene, as soon as the hot sum- 
mer was past, determined to capture 



154. WTio were noted leaders in tlie partisan warfare in 
1781 ? Who were otlier oflacers of distinction ? How did 
these partisans harass the enemy ? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 



Orangeburg again, with the general object 
of penning the British in upon the coast. 

Colonel Stewart commanded the British 
garrison at Orangeburg. 

After a good deal of manoeuvring and 
marching to get good positions, the two 
armies — Greene's and Stewart's — number- 
ing about 2,000 each, came to battle at 
Eufcaw Springs, on the Santee river, near 
the northern boundary line of Charleston 
county, on the 8th of September, 1781. 




[Eutaw Springs.] 



194 HISTORY OF 

The picture is of the lower of the two 
springs. It is very large to be called a 
spring at all. The trees are cypress, and 
most of them have long moss hanging 
among the boughs. 

Greene, aided by all the partisan lead- 
ers — Pickens, Marion, Sumter, Hampton, 
and their heroic subordinates — made the 
attack ; and drove the enemy from the 
field, and away from their camps. The 
victors, too sure of their victory, fell to 
plundering the enemy's camps ; and thus 
gave the enemy time to rally and renew 
the attack, which was done with spirit 
and success. Greene's soldiers were not 
expecting such a thing, were in disorder, 
straggling from their companies, gather- 
ing up plunder from the well-stored camps, 
and some of them drunk. The e£fect was 



155. What did Greene now resolve to do ? "Who com- 
manded the enemy at Orangeburg ? Where did they come 
to battle ? . How many soldiers had each ? How did the 



SOUTH CAEOLINA. 195 

disastrous. Greene was driven pell-mell 
from the field of his just- won victory. 

At night, however, Stewart made a 
hasty retreat to Charles Town. 



-156. 



Soon after this — the early autumn of 
1781 — the British were driven in from the 
whole country to the city of Charles 
Town. 

A few weeks later, however, Stewart 
moved again out from the city and took 
position at Eutaw. 

Greene was again upon the High Hills 
of Santee. 

The partisan leaders were out this au- 
tumn in their best style. 



battle begin? How did it end? What did Stewart do 
tbat night ? 



106 HISTORY OF 

Opposed to Sumter, in the central part 
of the State, was General Cunningham — a 
tory — in command of a force of mounted 
loyalists or tories. They had almost daily 
fights of some sort ; and many and bloody 
were the hand-to-hand encounters between 
the officers and men of these two com- 
mands. 



- 157.- 

About this time — autumn of 1781 — a 
ruffian tory captain, named William Cun- 
ningham — known in those days as Bloody 
Bill^ or The Bloody Scout — left Charles 
Town with a troop of between 200 and 
300 men as reckless and unprincipled as 



156. AVlien were the British first hemmed into the city? 
Where, a few weeks hater, did Stewart take position? 
Where was Greene ? What of the partisan leaders ? What 
is said of Sumter and the tory Cunningham ? 



SOUTH CAEOLIXA. 197 

himself. Their real object was plunder 
and revenge. They traversed some hun- 
dred miles of the State, laying waste every- 
thing. They gave no quarter, but mur- 
dered all the men they could catch, hew- 
ed down boys with their broadswords, 
and treated women with the most shocking 
brutality. 

At Cloud's Creek and Edge Hill they 
butchered all the prisoners they took 
— 40 or 50 at each place — and thus 
spread terror throughout the State. But 
these things awakened so lively a feeling 
of revenge all over the country, that it 
soon became too hot to hold these out- 
laws. Everybody united against them. 
They had to return to the city for safety ; 
and there the atrocities of Bloody Bill 
were repudiated by the British General 
Leslie, and even by General Cunningham 
himself, though a tory too, and a distant 



157. Who was Bloody Bill ? When did he start on his 
17* 



198 HISTORY OF 

relative of the Bloody Scout When the 
war was over, this William Cunningham 
moved to England, and lived there. 



-158.- 

The war was drawing near its close. 
After a dark season of despondency, hope 
was beginning to dawn. 

The news of Washington's great vic- 
tory over Cornwallis, and the capture 
of the latter with his whole army of 
7,500 soldiers at Yorktown in Vir- 
ginia, which occurred on the 19th of 
October, 1781, reached Carolina in a very 
few days. The news spread universal ex- 
ultation and hope to the Americans, and 



plundering expedition ? AVhat occurred at Cloud's Creek ? 
At Edge Hill ? What did the British oflacers]ttii}.k of these 
things ? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 199 

universal alarm and despair to the British 
and tories. 



- 159. - 

On the 18 th of November, 1781, Greene 
left the High Hills again, having about 
1,000 men. His general purpose was to 
manoeuvre the enemy back again into 
ICharles Town. He succeeded in doing 
ithis by a series of rapid and brilliant 
imovements, such as that of Colonel 
Hampton upon Dorchester, which by its 
Iboldness produced a panic among the 
British forces thereabout, and they shrank 
lower down the streams ; until finally they 
[took refuge in the city. 

I 

i 

I 

158. What effect had the news of Washington's victory 
bit Yorktown upon the south ? How many prisoners did he 
capture ? When was that battle fought ? 



200 HISTORY OF 

The British forces in the city were at 
this time commanded by General Leslie, 
who had superseded Stewart. 



160.- 



As soon as the British were hemmed in 
the city, and. the State at large was in 
possession of the civil authorities, Gover- 
nor Rutledge convened the legislature. It 
met in January, 1782, at Jacksonborougli 
— a little village on the Edisto river, 
about 20 miles from the ocean, and 35 
miles from the city of Charles Town. 

General Greene took position with his 
army six miles further down the river, so 
as to keep the enemy off. 



159. When did Greene leave the High Hills the second 
time ? For what purpose ? How did ho succeed ? Who 
made the brilliant dash at Dorchester ? Who was the 
British commandant in Charles Town ? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 201 

The British had a garrison of 500 
troops on John's Island. Greene sent 
Laurens and Lee, who drove the British, 
under Colonel Craig, into Charles Town. 



- 161. - 

Thus the legislature was rendered more 
secure from interruption ; and that body 
went to work vigourously. They passed 
laws taking away their property from 
some of the tories — this is called confisca- 
tion — making some pay fines ; and banish- 
ing some from the State. They passed a 
bill giving General Greene 10,000 gui- 



160. When the enemy were hemmed in in Charles Town 
what did Governor Rutledge do ? Wlien did ,the legisla- 
ture meet ? Where ? How far from the ocean ? How far 
from the city ? Where did Greene take position ? Whom 
did he send to drive the enemy from John's island ? How 
many were there ? Under what commander ? 



202 HISTORY OF 

neas — more tlian $50,000 in gold — for his 
services in the war. Georgia and North 
Carolina afterwards paid him money for 
the same thing. 



162.- 



During this year — 1782 — John Mat- 
thews was elected governor. The office 
was first offered to Christopher Gadsden ; 
but he declined the honour on account of 
his great age — he was 58 years old — and 
his feeble health. 

When Cornwallig was captured at York- 
town (19th October, 1781), Washington 
sent General Wayne, with a small part of 
his northern army, to help Greene in South 



161. What did the legislature do to some of the tones in 
the State ? What is confiscation ? How were others pun- 
ished? And others? How much did they pay General 
Greene ? What other States also paid him afterwards ? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 203 

! Carolina. Wayne went into Georgia and 
! so plied the Britisli there that they gave 
I up Savannah, and sent the soldiers that 
had been there to Charles Town 



163. 



' It was during this year that Marion's 
;famous Brigade was surprised, while Ma- 
rion was in the legislature, and his officers, 
(Horry and Mahan, quarreling about which 
ishould command the brigade during Ma- 
'rion's absence. A dashing British officer 
i — Colonel Thompson — with a strong de- 
itachment of infantry, artillery, and caval- 



162. Who was elected governor in 1782 ? To whom had 
the oflBLce been oflfered before ? Why did Gadsden decline ? 
Whom did Washington send to help Greene in South Car- 
olina ? Where did he go ? What did the enemy do at Sa- 
vannah ? 



204 HISTORY OF 

ly, fell upon Marion's veteran command, 
and dispersed it, killing some, and captur- 
ing some. 

When Marion returned to the army 
from the legislature, he reorganized his 
brigade, and did with it some brilliant 
service afterwards before the war closed. 



- 164. - 

The troops in Greene's army were in 
the greatest want at this time. He him- 
self wrote to the President of Congress in 
these words: — "We have 300 men with- 
out arms, and more than 1,000 so naked 
for want of clothing, that they can only 



163. What happened to Marion's brigade, when he was 
away at the legislature? Why did Horry and Mahan 
quarrel ? Who commanded the enemy ? What did Ma- 
rion do when he returned ? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 205 

be put on duty in cases of desperate ne- 
cessity. Men in this situation, without 
pay or spirits, it is difficult to tell what 
charm keeps them together." 



- 165. ~ 

Under these circumstances, the British 
in Charles Town, having failed to beat 
Ithem ni the field, tried to buy over the 
isoldiers in Greene's army. Eighteen men 
lare known to have been bought in this 
iway — seventeen soldiers of the Pennsylva- 
jnia Line, and one — named Gornell — of 
^the Maryland Line. For a price they 
agreed to betray the cause of indepen- 
jdence. Gornell was hanged, but the oth- 



I 164. In what condition were Greene's soldiers? How 
Imany were without arms ? How many too ragged to do 
regular duty ? 

i 18 

1 



206 HISTORY OF • , 

ers escaped. These eighteen were all 
that could be bought with British gold 
— all of that entire army, who had fought 
so bravely on hundreds of battle-fields, and 
many of whom were then almost naked, 
and frequently suffering for want of food. 



166. 



In these last days of the war General 
Leslie, who commanded the British in 
Charles Town, sent an agent to the Scotch 
settlers — who were never much in favour 
of the revolution — to excite them to take 
up arms against the State. This agent 
was caught by Marion and executed ; but 



1G5. After failing to beat tlie Americans in the field, 
what did the British try ? How many were bought over ? 
How many Pennsylvanians ? How many Marylanders ? 
Who was he ? What became of him t Of the others ? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 207 

not until lie bad induced a toiy in the Pe- 
dee country — one Major Gainey — to raise 
a battalion of lories, with whom he took 
the field. Marion marched against him 
immediately ; but Gainey's men were not 
anxious for a fight, especially as the Brit- 
ish themselves seemed ready to leave the 
bountry ; and so they readily accepted any 
conditions that Marion offered. They sur- 
rendered, and went home ; glad of the 
chance. Thus this matter ended. 



I 

I 

,' -16 7. 



I General Leslie did very little after this, 
.except to send a foraging party of British, 
|under Major McCall, along the rivers be- 



I 166. Whom did Leslie send to tamper with the Scotch in 
I the Pedee country ? What became of him ? Who raised 
a tory battalion ? What became of it ? 



208 HISTORY OF 

tween Charles Town and Savannah. Gen- 
eral Gist was sent by Greene against this 
party; and they had some lively skir- 
mishing about the Che'-haw, Combahee, 
Coo'-saw, and Coo-saw-hatch^-ie rivers, but 
no important fight. Colonel Laurens, of 
this State, was killed in one of these af- 
fairs near Chehaw Point. 



- 168- 



The last man killed in the Revolution- 
ary War was Captain Wilmot, who had 
command of a picket post on the Stono. 
His object was to watch the enemy on 
John's island ; but impatient for action, he 



167. Whom did Leslie send on a foraging expedition to- 
wards Savannah ? Along what rivers did he operate ? 
Whom did Greene send after IMcCall ? What did they do 1 
W^ho was "killed near Chehaw Point ? 



SOUTH CAROLIi^A. S09 

would frequently cross tlie Stono and sur- 
prise the enemy in a small way. On one 
of these incursions into John's island, in 
company with the famous Kos-ci-us''-ko, 
he fell into an ambuscade and was killed. 
Kosciusko, it will be remembered, was 
the celebrated Polish patriot who came 
over to help us in America. He had been 
with Greene at Ninety-Six. 



169. 



All the fighting was now over — late in 
1782 — and it only remained for the Brit- 
ish to evacuate Charles Town. 

Leslie gave notice to Greene that he 
would leave on his ships the next day. 



168. WL.0 was tlie last man killed in tlie war? Where 
was lie on picket ? How was lie killed ? Wliat famous 
man was witli liim ? Who was Kosciusko ? 
18* 



^6 HISTORY OF 

M'hich was Saturday, the 14tli day of De- 
cember, 1782. Greene had his soldiers all 
ready ; and they marched in, two hundred 
yards behind the retiring British. This 
was the distance that had been ag^reed 
upon. 

A more touching and tender scene has 
rarely been witnessed, than this return of 
the southern soldiers into Charles Town, 
where many of them lived, and all had 
friends or relatives there that were dear. 



- 170.- 

Hundreds of the hired soldiers of the 
enemy deserted from their army when it 
left the city. They hid themselves in cel- 



169. When did Leslie leave Charles Town ? How did 
the soldiers march in ? How did the British travel away 
from the State ? Why was the return of our soldiers a 
toucliing scene ? 



SOUTH CAROLmA. 211 

lars, cliimneys, attics, and all sorts of odd 
places, all over the city ; and when the 
ships were gone they came out of their 
hiding-places again. Many of these be- 
came citizens of the State, and lived here 
the rest of their lives, and left families 
* when they died. 



171.- 



Great Britain decided to give up the 
effort to hold the American colonies ; and 
concluded — since they could not help it — 
to let them govern themselves. 

The American Congress, acting for all 
the colonies, sent five commissioners to 
Paris, to meet commissioners whom the 
king — George the Third — had sent there 



170. Did all tlie British soldiers go when the enemy left' 
Where did they hide ? What did they do afterwards ? 



212 HISTOKY OF 

to meet tliera. They met and agreed to 
make peace. This agreement was made 
into a formal treaty on the 3d of Septem- 
ber, 1783. 

And thus the American colonies became 
free, after seven years' hard fighting for it. 
The Declaration of Independence was 
made on the 4th of July 1776, which was 
seven years and a few months before the 
final peace. 



171. Why did tlie king agree to let the American colo 
nies be free ? Where did the commissioners meet ? When 
did they finally settle the treaty of peace ? How long had 
the Avar been ? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 213 



,...^«""«un.. 



172. 



When peace returned, everybody went 
to improving his fortune, and thus to im- 
proving the State. 

At this time John Matthews was still 



governor. 



In 1Y83, the city of Charles Town was 
incorporated by the legislature, and then 
first received the legal name of Charles- 
ton, having been called Charles Town 
— sometimes written in one word, Charles- 



172. What did everybody do when peace returned ? Who 
was governor ? When was the name of Charles Town 



214 HISTORY OF 

town — a little more thau a hundred 
years. 



173. 



In 1785, William Moultrie— he that de- 
fended Fort Sullivan so bravely, that it 
has ever since been called Fort Moultrie 
— was elected governor. The governor 
holds his office for two years. 

During Moultrie's term of office, Colum- 
bia — then only a house or two in the 
woods — w^as fixed upon as the seat of the 
State government, or capital of the State. 
They chose this place because it is near 
the middle of the State. There was the 
old town of Granby, where there had 
been a fort and a fight or two, a mile low- 



changed to Charleston? How long had it been so called 1 
[103 years.] 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 215 

er down the Congaree river, on tlie west- 
ern side ; but the place Avas not so suit- 
able for a large town ; and so they decid- 
ed to make a new town on the eastern 
bank, and call it Columbia, which should 
be the capital. 



174 



In 1787 the General Assembly or Leg- 
islature of South Carolina forbade the in- 
troduction oi any more negro slaves into 
this State, under penalty of forfeiture of 
the slaves, and line of iClOO, which is 
about $500. This was done twenty years 



173. Who became governor in 1785? What had he 
done before ? What event occurred during his term of of- 
fice Y Why did they move the seat of government away 
from Charleston? What town was close by the present 
city of Columbia? Which side of the Congaree river is 
Columbia ? 



216 HISTOKY OF 

earlier thau the action of the United 
States Congress, and that of the govern- 
ment of Great Britain against the shave- 
trade. 

This same year — 1787 — Thomas Pinck- 
ney was elected governor. 

In 1788, on the 23d of May, this State 
ratified the present constitution of the 
United States. It was the seventh of the 
original thirteen States that ratified it. 



175. - 



In 1789 Charles Pinckney became gov- 
ernor. In this year the State records and 



174. When did South Carolina forbid further importa- 
tion of negro slaves into the State ? How long was this he- 
fore Congress and Great Britain passed laws against the 
slave trade ? When was Thomas Pinckney elected gover- 
nor ? When did South Carolina ratify the present constitu- 
tion of the United States. 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 217 

government papers were carried from 
Charleston to Columoia; and in January 
of the next year — 1790 — the first session 
of the legislature at the new capital was 
held. That legislature sat half a year ; 
and on the 3d of June ratified the regular 
State constitution — the constitution that 
remained in force until the year 1868, a 
term of 78 years. 

At this time — 1790 — the population of 
this State was 250,000, more than half of 
them being white. 



- 176. - 

During the next eight years — until 
1800 — there were four governors : — Ar- 



175. Who became governor in 1789? What other event 
occurred the same year? When was the first session of the 
legislature held in Columbia ? Wlien w^as the regular con- 
stitution of the State ratified ? How long did that consti- 
19 



218 HISTORY OF 

noldus Vanderhorst, William Moultrie 
(2d term), Charles Pinckney (2d term) 
and Edward Rutledge. 

In 1791, General Washington, President 
of the United States, made a tour through 
the south, during which he spent several 
days in Charleston, and created a great 
deal of enthusiasm. 

The next year, Charleston was ravaged 
by yellow fever for four months. 

In 1795, Marion, the shrewdest of the 
partisan leaders, died at his residence in 
St. John's parish, at the age of 68 years. 



tution remain in force ? How many years was tliat ? What 
was the population of the State in 1790 ? What part of 
these were white? 

176. Who were the four governors between 1792 and 
1800 ? When did Washington visit the south ? How was 
he received in Charleston ? What occurred in Charleston 
in 1792? When did Marion die? Where? At what 
age? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 219 



-177. 



While Kutledge was governor, tlie State 
was resurveyed, and divided into 24 dis- 
tricts, counties, and parishes. 

Three years later, another division was 
made, into 28 districts, several of the 
lower ones being subdivided into parishes. 

Many years after this, Pendleton district 
was divided into Pickens and Anderson ; 
thus making the number 29. 

Still later, Sumter district was divided 
into Sumter and Clarendon ; thus making 
the number 30. And 30 continued to be 
the number of districts until the name 
district was changed to county, in 1868 — 
under the next constitution. 



177. Into how many districts was the State divided while 
Rutledge was governor? Three years later? Into what 
two was Pendleton divided ? Sumter ? How long did 30 
continue to be the number of tlie districts ? 



220 HISTORY OP 

- 178. - 

From 1800 to 1810 there were five gov- 
ernors: — John Drayton, James B. Rich- 
ardson, Paul Hamilton, Charles Pinckney 
(3d term), and John Drayton, (2d term.) 

In 1801, the South Carolina College 
was established at Columbia. 

Governor Richardson, of Sumter, 
elected in 1802, was the first man ever 
elected to that office who was not a resi- 
dent of the city of Charleston. 

In 1804, another destructive hurricane 
visited Charleston, in September. 



-179.- 
From 1810 until 1820 the five gover- 



ns. Who were the five governors from 1800 until 1810? 
When was the South Carolina College established ? Who 
was the first man from the interior of the State, elected 
governor ? What occurred to Charleston in 1804 ? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 221 

nors were: — Henry Middleton, Josepli 
Allstoii, David K. Williams, Andrew 
Pickens, and John Geddes. 

In 1810 the population of the State 
was 413,000, the whites a little in the ma- 
jority. 

In 1811, the free school system was 
adopted. 

During Governor Allston's term — in 
1812 — the boundary line between South 
Carolina and North Carolina was run and 
finally fixed. 



- 180.- 

The war of 1812, as it is sometimes 



179. Who were the five governors from 1810 until 1820 ? 
What was the population of the State in 1810 ? What was 
the proportion of whites and blacks ? When was the free 
school system established ? What boundary line was set- 
tled in 1812 ? 

19* 



222 HISTORY OF 

called, between the United States and 
Great Britain, was declared on the 19th 
of June of that year. It lasted about two 
years. It was called The Late War for 
many years, until other wars came that 
were later. There were no great battles 
fought in this State during this war ; but 
there was a good deal of skirmishing, for 
the British several times landed to get 
provisions and slaves. The ports of 
Charleston, Beaufort [^hid -fort^ and 
Georgtown, were sometimes blockaded 
by their ships. In August, 1813, the ene- 
my made a descent upon De-wees'' island, 
and landed at Hilton Head ; but only 
plundered some plantations, and departed 
very soon. 



180. When did the Late War begin ? How long did it 
last? Were any important battles fought in this State? 
Which ports were sometimes blockaded? What island 
did they make a descent upon in 1813 ? Where did they 
land ? What did they do ? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 223 

-181.- 

The end of the war came during the 
term of Governor Williams. The treaty 
of peace between the two countries was 
concluded at Ghent [^gent], on the 24th 
of December, ISM. 

Although there was not much fight- 
ing in this State during this war, still 
there were several Carolinians who won 
distinction for services ; amono^ whom 
were Hampton, Hayne, Hamilton, and 
Laval. Besides, the hero of the war 
— General Andrew Jackson — who won 
the great victory at New Orleans, was a 
native of the State. He had done some 
service as a youth of seventeen, during 
the last days of the Revolutionary War 
— when Cornwallis passed through the 
Waxhaws in 1780. 



181. When was peace concluded? Where? Who of 
the Carolinians distinguished themselves in this war? 
What other hero was a native of this State. 



224 HISTORY OF 

- 182. - 

From 1820 to 1830, the five governors 
were Thomas Bennett, John Lyde Wil- 
son, Kichard I. Manning, John Taylor 
and Stephen D. Miller. 

The term of Goverlior Bennett was 
made memorable by the great insurrec- 
tion of the slaves in Charleston. The 
leader of this rising was Denmark Vesey 
\^den^-marJc va^-zay~\ — a mulatto, who had I 
figured in the butcheries of St. Domin^-go, 
a few years before this. Vesey seems to 
have had some visionary scheme for libe- 
I'ating all the southern slaves by a general 
rising. Some of the negroes in Charles- 
ton told the whites, and thus the massacre 
was prevented. Vesey and thirty-four 
other leaders were hanged ; a like num- 
ber were banished, or transported ; and 



183. Who were the five governors between 1820 and 
1830? What made Governor Bennett's term famous? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 225 

many others were tried but acquitted. 
Four white foreigners were convicted of 
taking part with the slaves. 



-183.- 

In 1823, the Medical College of South 
Carolina was established, in Charleston. 

In 1825, La Fayette — the French pa- 
triot who had helped us in the Kevolu- 
tionary War — visited this State ; and was 
received with great enthusiasm. Every- 
body called to see him. Speeches of wel- 
come were made to him. Committees at- 
tended him everywhere. He was honour- 
ed, feasted, and visited, to a degree that 



Who led the rising ? How was it stopped ? What became 
of Vesey ? How many leaders were hanged 1 How many 
were transported ? What of others ? How many white 
foreigners took part with these negroes ? 



226 



HISTORY OF 



few men Lave ever been in the State ; per- 
haps none other. 




[La Fayette.] 



183. What institution was established in 1823 ? What 
famous man visited the state in 1825 ? How was he receiv- 
ed ? 



SOUTH CAEOLINA. 227 

- 184.- 

Between 1830 and 1840, the ^ve gover- 
nors were : — James Hamilton, Robert Y. 
Hayne, George McDuffie, Pierce Moore 
Butler, and Patrick Noble. 

This was a very important decade. 

The term of Governor Hamilton — from 
1830 to 1832 — was one of the most excit- 
ing terms in the history of South Carolina. 
This excitement arose out of the move- 
ment known as Nullification. 

To understand what this was, we must 
glance at the two great political parties in 
the United States — the States' Rights Par- 
ty and the Federal Party. 



184. Who were the five governors between 1830 and 
1840 ? Which was the most exciting term of all ? W^liat 
made it so ? What two parties existed then in the United 
States? 



228 HISTORY OF 

- 185. - 

The Congress of the United States pass- 
ed an Act imposing certain duties or taxes 
— known as the Tariif Act — on all the 
States, which Act South Carolina did not 
think Congress had a right to pass. The 
people who took sides with Congress w^ere 
called the Federal Party, and those who 
took sides with South Carolina were called 
the States' Eights Party. Mr. Webster, of 
Massachusetts, was the leader of the for- 
mer, and Mr. Hayne, of South Carolina, 
the leader of the latter. 

There were two of these Tariff Acts — 
in 1828 and 1832. 

The legislature of this State, in Decem- 
ber, 1830, passed an Act, declaring that 
the first Tariff Act should not be the law 
in South Carolina. 



185. How did there come to be two parties in tlie coun- 
try ? What were these parties called ? W"ho were the 
leaders ? When were the two TariflF Ac ts dated ? When 
did this State first oppose the general government ? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 229 

-186.- 

It was the Tariff Act of 1832 that pro- 
duced the liveliest indignation in South 
Carolina. 

A convention was called in this State, 
which sat in November, 1832, at Colum- 
bia ; and pronounced both the Tariff Acts 
to be unconstitutional, and not binding 
upon this State. This declaring or making 
a law of no effect is known as Nullifica- 
tion ; because to nullify means to make 
null or of 710 effect 

The President of the United States — 
Andrew Jackson — in December, 1832, is- 
sued his famous Proclamation against the 
nullifiers. 

The Governor of South Carolina — Rob- 
ert Y. Hayne, who had just come from 
Congress, and was recently elected gover- 
nor — issued a counter-proclamation against 



186. How did the Tariff Act of 1832 suit the people of 
this State ? What was done ? Where did the convention 
20 



230 HISTORY OF 

the President's proclamation, and asserting 
the sovereignty of the State. 



- 187.- 

Both sides made ready for war; but 
there was no war, because Congress so 
modified the Tariff Acts as to partly sat- 
isfy the people of this State. 

The Convention of South Carolina then 
repealed its ordinance of Nullification, on 
the 11th of March, 1833. 

Thus a threatened war was averted. 

In this great issue all the leading men 
of the State took part, some on one side 
and some on the other. 

On the side of States' Rights and for 



meet ? When ? What did tlie convention declare of the 
Tariflf Acts? What did the President do? What did 
Governor Hayne do ? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 231 

South Carolina against the General Gov- 
ernment were such men as Calhoun, Mc- 
Duffie, Hayne, Hamilton, Trumbull, Pres- 
toD, Harper, Hammond, Cooper, Rhett, 
and others. 

On the other side — of the Federal Par- 
ty, that is — were Legare, \le-gre^\ Peti- 
gru, Poinsett, Huger, \u-JG^\ Grimke, Lee, 
Drayton, Johnson, Memminger, Perry, 
Cunningham, Eichardson, and others. 



188, - 



The question between these two parties 
was, in case Congress should pass a law 
contrary to the constitution of the United 



187. Why was there no war ? When did the convention 
of South Carolina repeal the Ordinance of Nullification ? 
What prominent men were on the side of States' Rights ? 
Who on the other ? 



232 HISTORY OF 

States, whether the individual States had 
the right to nullify such law or not. 

The States' Eights Party held that each 
State had that right, while the Federal 
Party held that the Supreme Court of the 
United States alone had the right to nul- 
lify a law of Congress. The former held 
that each State was sovereign, while the 
latter held that Congress had higher pow- 
ers than the State. 

The States' Rights advocates in South 
Carolina were then divided into two fac- 
tions — one holding that a State in the 
Union had the power to nullify a law of 
Congress; while the other faction held, that 
a State had the right to secede, but not 
to nullify laws while in the union. 



188. What did the States' Rights Party hold ? What 
did the other side hold ? How was the States' Rights Party 
divided ? 



SOUTH CAKOLINA. 233 

-189. - 

Governor McDuffie was celebrated for 
his eloquence. He was distinguislied 
among men who were famous for brilliant 
powers of language and argument ; such 
men as Hayne, Preston, Calhoun, and 
Legare — all eloquent, but each different 
from the others. 

Governor Butler was afterwards — in 
1847 — distinguished in the Mexican war ; 
and was killed there. 

Governor Noble was the first governor 
of this State that died in office. Lieuten- 
ant-Governor Hennegan served out the 
term. 

It was during this term — in 1839 — that 
the subject of farming received unusual 
attention. A State A^gricultural Society 



189. For what was McDuffie celebrated ? Who else were 
noted for the same? What of Butler afterwards? What 
of Noble? Who served out his term ? What subject re- 
20* 



234 HISTORY OF 

was first formed at that time, whicli Las 
been of immense benefit to tlie people. 



-190. - 

From 1840 to 1850 the five governors 
were John P. Richardson, James H. Ham- 
mond, William Aiken, David Johnson, 
and Whitmarsh B. Seabrook. 

During Richardson's term occurred the 
death of Robert Y. Playne, who has been 
frequently mentioned already. He was 
one of the greatest orators of the United 
States, and was eminent as a statesman. 
His most famous speech was the one he 
delivered in Congress against Mr. Web- 
ster. 

In 1843 occurred the death of Hugh S. 



ceived great attention in 1839? What society was then 
formed ? 



SOUTH CAEOLINA. 235 

Legare — one of the best classical scholars 
that this State ever had. He was awhile 
in Congress. 

Governor Johnson's term was noted as 
the time of the Mexican War, which was 
in 1846 and 1847. 



-191.- 

The Mexican war arose between the 
United States and Mexico about some dis- 
puted lands. It lasted about two years ; 
and added fame to the army of the United 
States, no part of which bore itself with 
greater gallantry than the Palmetto Regi- 
ment — the regiment that South Carolina 



190. Who were the five governors between 1840 and 
1850? Whose death occurred during Richardson's term? 
Who was Hayne ? Whose death occurred in 1843 ? What 
avent signalised Johnson's term ? 



236 HISTORY OF 

sent. This regiment fought in the battle 
of Vera Cruz, [ya^ -rah croos'\ Contreras, 
\con47'a'ras\ Churubusco^ \cJioo-ritrboos'- 
lco\ and Chapultepec, [cJidli-pool-ta'pekf] ; 
and was the first to plant its flag upon the 
walls of the city of Mexico. In this cam- 
paign the State lost Colonel — formerly 
Governor — Butler, who commanded the 
Palmetto Regiment. He was killed lead- 
ing his men in battle. 



II 



-192. - 

The five governors between 1850 and 
1860 were John H. Means, John L. Man- 



191. What caused tlie war with Mexico? How long did 
it last ? "What effect upon the fame of the country's arms ? 
What regiment did this State send? What battles did 
they' take part in? What distinguished man of this State 
was killed ? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 237 

ning, James H. Adams, Robert F. W. All- 
ston, and William H. Gist. 

la 1850 died John C. Calhoun— the 
greatest statesman, perhaps, that America 
has produced. He rose to eminence dur- 
ing the ISTullification times, and was the 
great champion of the States' Rights Par- 
ty, standing in some respects more prom- 
inent than even Hayne, who was the ac- 
knowledged leader of the party in his 
day. As a logician Calhoun had few if 
any equals ; while as an orator he was less 
than Preston, Hayne, or McDuffie. He 
has left several able books on government, 
and many speeches. 



192. Who were the five governors between 1850 and 
1860 ? Whose death occurred in 1850 ? What was Cal- 
houn greatest in ? Who surpassed him as an orator ? 
What works has he left ? 



238 HISTORY OF 

- 193. - 

Governor Adams is noted as the only 
governor that ever recommended the re- 
opening of the African slave trade, which 
was closed by the legislature of this State 
in 11 SI — sixty-seven years before. His 
recommendation was not adopted ; and in- 
deed was favoured by very few if any men 
of mark at that time. 

Governor Allston was noted as one of 
the best of scientific agriculturists ; and his 
example and influence did much to ad- 
vance the interests of scientific agriculture. 



-194.- 

In 1860, Francis W. Pickens was elect- 

< , 

193. What was tlie recommeudation of Adams? Was 
it adopted ? What was Allston noted for ? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 239 

ed governor. The stormy feelings wliicli 
led to secession were then at their height. 
A convention of the State had already- 
been called, and public sentiment had ta- 
ken a fixed form. These stormy feelings 
had arisen, as had those in 1832, which 
led to nullification, out of certain acts of 
the Congress of the United States, which 
the people of the south in general, but 
especially of South Carolina, felt to be un- 
just ; unjust, because they bore unequally 
upon different States — harder upon the 
southern States than upon the northern. 



-195.- 
The cause of secession, which was the 



194. Who was elected governor in 1860? What was 
the state of public feeling at that time ? What made the 
feelings stormy? When had anything like it arisen be- 
fore? 



240* HISTORY OP 

cause of the war, was very mucli the same 
thing that caused nullification, in 1832. 
Congress kept passing laws which it had 
no right to pass, according to the constitu- 
tion ; and the time came when those who 
believed in the right of a State to with- 
draw from the Union — almost every man 
in the south — determined to do so rather 
than allow this to go on any longer. A 
few thought it was too soon, but very few, 
if any, doubted the right to secede. The 
event was hastened by a real difference in 
character between the people in the north 
and those in the south, and this difference 
made them dislike each other. This dis- 
like was embittered by a growing disposi- 
tion on the part of the north, when they 
got the majority in Congress, to annoy 
and injure the south, by meddling with the 
institution of slavery, which was express- 
ly exempt by the constitution of the Unit- 
ed States from all such meddling. 

Prominent among the leaders of seces- 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 241 

sion were Rhett, Magrath, Chesnut, Pick- 
ens, Keitt, Gregg, Adams, Preston, Ja- 
meson, Means, Barnwell, and a score of oth- 
ers, perhaps equally prominent. 



195. What was the cause of the wai ? What was the 
cause of secession ? What did most men think about the 
right to secede? What did some think about the time for 
it ? What hastened the event ? Who were some of the 
prominent men in the days of secession ? 

21 



242 HISTORY OF 



^^^^.aOKs.e,,,,^^ 



196, 



Whatever may have been the causes 
that brought the State to that decision, 
South Carolina did decide to withdraw 
from the union of the States. She had a 
right to do this, that is, if the States' 
Eights Party of the south was correct in 
its doctrine. In 1832, this party was 
divided ; some believing that a State had 
a right while in the union to nullify an 
act of Congress, whereas others held 
that no State had that right, but that any 
State had a right to withdraw from the 
union as from a compact. In 1860, there 



SOUTH CAKOLINA. 243 

was no such division, because tlie question 
was not about nullifying, but about seced- 
ing ; and all held that any State had the 
right to secede. Many doubted the expe- 
diency, and thought that it would be im- 
prudent to secede ; but of that party — and 
nine-tenths of the citizens were of that par- 
ty — none doubted the right to secede. 



- 197. - 

. The convention of the State, that had 
been called before the election of Govern- 
or Pickens, met in Columbia on the 18th 
of December. The place of meeting was 
the Baptist church on Plain street. The 
body organized, and took the sense of the 



196. What did the State decide upon doing ? What had 
divided the States' Rights Party in 1833? Why was it 
united in 1860 ? What did the State do ? 



244 HISTORY OF 

members in ii vote on a resolution that 
the State secede. The resolution passed 
unanimously. The presence of small-pox 
at the capital induced the convention to 
move to Charleston ; and there, on the 
20th of December, 1860, the Ordinance of 
Secession was passed. By this act South 
Carolina ceased to be a State in the union, 
and became again a separate and sovereign 
State, as she was before ratifying the con- 
stitution, seventy-two years previous. 



-198. - 

About three weeks after the secession 
of South Carolina — on the 9th of Janu- 



197. When did the convention meet ? Where ? In what 
building? What resolution did it pass in Columbia ? Why- 
did it move to Charleston ? When was the Ordinance of 
Secession passed ? What was the effect of it ? How long 
liad the State been in the Union ? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 245 

ary, 1861 — Mississippi seceded. Two 
days later — on the llthof January — both 
Alabama and Florida followed the exam- 
ple. Then followed the other southern 
States — Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, Vir- 
ginia, Arkansas, [ar-Jcan^-sas'], North Caro- 
lina, and Tennessee, in that order, the last 
being on the 8th of June, 1861. 



- 199.- 

As soon as the State seceded. Governor 
Pickens tried to get possession of all the 
forts at Charleston ; but Major Anderson, 
who was in command of the United States 
garrison, at that time in Fort Moultrie, on 
the night of the 29th of December, 1860, 



198. How long after the secession of South Carolina did 
Mississippi secede ? When did Alabama and Florida se- 
cede? What other States followed? When did the last 
one of these — Tennessee — secede ? 
21* 



246 



HISTORY OF 



moved Lis command of less than a hun- 
dred men into Fort Sumter, the strongest 
fort in the harbour. Volunteer troops 
were at once raised all over the State to 
take Fort Sumter out of the hands of Ma- 
jor Anderson. These State troops were 
under the command of General Beaure- 
gard, [bo-re-gar'^^ and occupied all the 
points around Fort Sumter. 




[View at Fort Moultne.j 

This view is of the southeastern angle 
of Fort Moultrie. The house, on the left, 
is where the old Fort Sullivan was. In 
the distance — just to the right of that — is 



199. What did Governor Pickens try to do? What move 
did Major Anderson make ? When ? What was done to 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 247 

seen Fort Sumter, but very small, on ac- 
count of the distance. 



-200.- 

During tlie investment of Fort Sumter, 
the United States authorities sent the Star 
of the West — a light ocean steamer — with 
supplies for Anderson. This vessel tried 
to pass the investing batteries, and was 
fired into by a battery on Morris island. 
This Avas the first shot of the war ; and 
was fired from an unprotected earth-work 
thrown up and manned by a detachment 
of cadets of the South Carolina Military 
Academy, under Major P. F. Stevens. The 
vessel fell back, and did not again attempt 
to reach Fort Sumter. This was on the 



get liim out of Fort Sumter? Who commanded the State 
*^roops ? 



248 HISTORY OF 

9 til of January, 1861. It does not follow 
from this that South Carolina was the ajr- 
gressor ; for the aggressor is not the one 
that deals the first blow, but the one that 
makes a blow necessary. 

The siege lasted until after a demand 
for the surrender, on the 11th of April. 
Beauregard opened fire upon the fort on 
Friday, the 12th. The bombardment last- 
ed about thirty hours, when Anderson 
surrendered — on the 13th. The Union 
troops were allowed to leave on the gov- 
ernment ships. The evacuation took place 
on the 14th. There was not a man killed 
on either side. 



200. What did the 8tar of the West attempt ? What oc- 
curred ? When was the first gun fired ? When did Beau- 
regard demand the surrender of the fort ? How long did 
he bombard it ? When did it surrender ? When was it 
evacuated ? How many were killed on each side ? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 249 

-201.- 

Froin this time — the fall of Fort Sum- 
ter — South Carolina went vigourously to 
work to raise troops to defend the new 
government formed in the south, known 
as The Confederate States of America^ 
against the threatened invasion of the 
United States. 
I The war was transferred to Virginia, 
' where much of the fighting between the 
I United States and the Confederate States, 
1 for the four years following the formation 
I of a southern government, was done. 
' The provisional confederate government 
1 had been formed in February, at Mont- 
I gomery, Alabama ; and this State then be- 
I came a member of the Confederate States. 
I The regular government was inaugurated 
I a year later — on the 2 2d of February, 



i 201. What did this State set about doing? Where was 
; the war transferred to ? Where was the provisional gov- 



250 HISTORY OF 

1862 — at Richmond, Virginia; Jefferson 
Davis being President. 



-202.- 

rhe operations of the armies of the Con- 
federacy in the field belong to the history 
of the general government, and not to 
that of South Carolina. 

During the years 1861 and 1862 — cov- 
ering nearly the term of Governor Pick- 
ens — the principal battles in Virginia, in 
which the troops of this State took part 
were Manassas [ma-nas^-sd] or Bull Run, 
and Dranesville in 1861 ; and Seven Pines 
Mechanicksville, Cold Harbour, Savage's 
Station, Eraser's Farm, Malvern Hill, Ce- 



ernment formed ? Wlien ? Where, the regular ? When ? 
Who was President ? 



SOUTH CAROLIISrA. 251 

dar Mountain, Second Manassas, Ox Hill, 
Boonsboro or South Mountain, Harper's 
Ferry, Sliarj)sburg, and Fredricksburg, in 
1862. In the west was fought the battle 
of Shiloh, in which some troops of this 
State were engaged. 



203 



I In South Carolina, the only military op- 
I eration of importance was the capture of 
• Hilton Head by the Union forces. This 
took place on Thursday, the 7th of No- 
vember, 1861. The entrance of the har- 
i bour of Beaufort — Hilton Head and Bay 
Point being the two points at the mouth 
of the harbour — was defended by General 



202. What were the principal battles in Virginia during 
1861, in whicli South Carolina troops were engaged ? Dur 
ing 18Q2J What battle in the west ? 



252 HISTORY OF 

Ripley with a feeble force of volunteers. 
Both points were abandoned after a bom- 
bardment of 4:1 bours from the attacking 
fleet. The federal troops held this point 
until the end of the war. 



204.- 



In December, 1862, Milledge L. Bon- 
ham, who had already done gallant ser- 
vice in the field in Virginia, was elected 
governor. 

The war progressed during his term of 
office, as it was doing at the time of his 
election — the main points of field-service 
being in Virginia, and in the west. The 
ports of this State, in common with those 



203. What military operation occurred within the State ? 
What date ? What were the two forts defending the liar- 
bour ? Who commanded the defence ? How long did the 
federal troops hold this place ? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 253 

of the southern States, were blockaded by 
the Federal navy. Trade with Europe 
was thus almost entirely cut off from the 
south, both imports and exports. The 
people suffered extreme privation. Food, 
cloths, and other necessaries were scarce. 
Men were in the army, and farms were 
neglected. ISTo goods could come into the 
country on account of the blockade. 
Confederate money became of less and 
less value; until in November, 1864, a 
barrel of flour would sell for $350 and a 
bushel of corn for $55, of Confederate 
money. At this time, one dollar in gold 
was worth $28 in Confederate money. 
These prices all continued to rise until the 
end of the war. 



204. When was Governor Bonham elected ? Where waa 
the main fighting ? What was the condition of the peo- 
ple ? What was a barrel of flour worth in Novemher, 
1864 ? A bushel of corn ? A dollar in golf« "^ Did these 
prices rise or fall ? ^ 

12 



264 HISTORY OF 

-205.- 

During these two years — 1863 and 
1864 — there was no fighting in South Car- 
olina, except the operations by the block- 
ading forces against Charleston and its 
defences. 

But the new year of 1863 was signal- 
ized by an event that requires a mention 
here. The President of the United States 
— ^Abraham Lincoln — issued a proclama- 
tion, declaring all the slaves in the south 
free. This is known as the Emancipation 
Proclamation, The President knew this 
to be contrary to the constitution of the 
United States, which left slavery to be 
regulated by the States themselves ; but 
he said it was necessary in order to make 
the Southern States return to the Union. 
The Congress of the United States sup- 
ported the President in his proclamation ; 
and so it became the law in the south, but 
not until two years later, when the war 



SOUTH CAEOLINA. 255 

was over. During these two years the 
negroes continued to live as slaves under 
the Confederate government. 



-206.- 

On the 7th of April, 1863, the block- 
ading squadron, re-inforced with the 
strongest war vessels for the reduction of 
Foj't Sumter and capture of the city of 
Charleston, opened fire upon the fort. 

This was almost two years after the fort 
had been taken by the State forces — 13th 
April, 1861 — from Major Anderson. On the 
present occasion the attack was made by 
a strong naval force of the United States, 



205. Where was tlie only fighting in this State during 
1863 and 1864 ? What was done by President Lincoln on 
new year's day of 1863 ? Why did he do this ? When did 
the negroes really become free ? 



256 HISTORY OP 

under command of Admiral Dalilgren ; 
and was mainly directed against Fort 
Sumter, which was successfully defended 
by Colonel Alfred Rhett. 

On the 10th of July, another attack, 
by land and sea combined, was begun up- 
on the harbour defences. The land for- 
ces, under General Gilmore, secretly for- 
tified Folly Island, crossed the inlet to 
Morris Island ; and from this point Fort 
Wagner and Fort Gregg, held by the Con- 
federates, upon the end of Morris Island 
nearest Fort Sumter, were assailed. 
These forts, after an investment of nearly 
two months, were evacuated, and immedi- 
ately occupied by Gilmore's troops on the 
7th of September. 



206. When was tlie first attack on Fort Sumter ? Who 
commanded the attack ? Who defended? When was the sec- 
ond attack commenced ? Who commanded the land forces ? 
Where did he begin his attack? How did he proceed? 
When were Forts Wagner and Gregg evacuated ? When 
were they occupied by the Federals ? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 257 

-207, - 

But meanwhile — on the 21st of August 
— the enemy opened fire upon the city of 
Charleston, in the hope of thus forcing the 
Confederates to give up Fort Sumter. 
This firing was opened upon the city, with- 
out timely notice for the removal of wo- 
men and children, and when it could ef- 
fect nothing but the death of non-combat- 
ants and the destruction of private pro- 
perty ; because the outer defences had 
not yet been captured. The bombard- 
ment of the city continued with some vari- 
ations of more or less firing for more than 
twenty- two months ; that is, until the city 
and the forts were abandoned by the Con- 
federates, in 1865, The fire upon Fort 
Sumter, too, was kept up almost inces- 
santly for the same period, from both fleet 
and land batteries. 



207. Wlien did the bombardment of tbe city begin? 
22* 



258 HISTORY OF 

The fall of these defences and some- 
thing of their heroic defenders will be 
mentioned among the events of 1865. 



-208.- 

During Governor Bonhara's term of of- 
fice, the war was waged between the 
northern and southern governments with- 
out interruption, the theatres of the fight- 
ing being the same as j)reviously — mainly- 
Virginia and the west. 

In Virginia, the South Carolina troops 
took honourable part in the battles of 
Chancellorsville, The Wilderness, Spott- 
sylvania Courthouse, Winchester, Platch- 
er's Kun, and Appommattox ; in Pennsyl- 



Was tliere due notice given ? "Why was it wrong at that 
time ? How long did it last ? IIow long did the bombard- 
ment of Fort Sumter last ? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 259 

vania, Gettysburg ; in North Carolina, 
Bentonsville and Fort Fisher ; and in the 
west, Lookout Mountain, Chick-a-mau^-ga, 
Atlanta, Knoxville, and Franklin. Be- 
sides these, there were probably a hun- 
dred other actions of greater or less note 
in which they took a like part. 



209. 



In December, 1864, A. G. Magrath \j)ia^ 
graw''\ was elected governor ; and never did 
a governor take his seat in stormier times, 
or under more inauspicious circumstances. 
The south — and with it of course South 
Carolina — was nearly exhausted by war. 
Already evidences of collapse were visible 



208. Where was the war continued ? In what battles in 
Virginia did South Carolina troops take part ? In North 
Carolina ? In the west ? 



2^ HISTORY OF 

everywhere — ia Virginia, in the west, and 
at home. Only the most hopeful could 
see any way to a successful issue of the 
war on the part of the south ; and yet 
none expected it to end so suddenly. 



210. 



On the 21st of December, 1864, Gen- 
eral Sherman, with a large army, took 
possession of Savannah, Georgia. His 
miarch was towards this State. The feel- 
ing here was that his army would show 
no mercy to South Carolina; and the 
event proved that the feeling was well 
founded. 

Early in the new year — 1865 — Sher- 
man crossed the Savannah and marched 



209. When was Governor Magratli elected ? What was 
the state of the country at that time ? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 261 

upon Columbia. General Har-dee^ was in 
(Command at Charleston with a small force ; 
J and at Columbia there were no troops. 



-211. - 

When Sherman reached the line of rail- 
road connecting Charleston with the inte- 
rior, it became impossible to hold the 
j city; and accordingly Hardee withdrew 
' his troops from all the forts in the har- 
I bour, destroyed the government shipping, 
' and abandoned the city. This was on the 
18th of February, 1865. He marched to 
join General Johnston's army, which was 
then in North Carolina. 



210, When did General Sherman take Savannah ? Which 
way was he marching ? What did the people of this State 
expect ? When did Sherman enter this State ? Upon what 
two points did he march ■? Who commanded at Charles- 
ton ? What troops were at Columbia ? 



262 HISTORY OF 

Thus Fort Sumter, after oue of the most 
gallant defences recorded in history, was 
abandoned, on account of the movements 
of the enemy's army in the interior of the 
State. Let us now glance back over that 
defence. 



-212.- 

The siege of Fort Sumter, as already 
stated, began on the 10th of July, 1863, and 
ended the 18th of February, 1865 — last- 
ing nineteen months and eight days. Col. 
Khett retained command of the fort until 
it was reduced almost to ruins, by the 
combined fire of the fleet and of the land 
batteries of the enemy. The walls facing 



211. When was Charleston evacuated ? Where did 
Hardee go ? What caused the abandonment of Fort Sum- 
ter after so gallant a defence ? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 263 

the sea and Morris Island were battered 
"down, and every effective gun was dis- 
mounted. Many prominent officers urged 
the necessity of evacuating the fort, as its 
condition was such as to render it useless 
in operating against the enemy ; and as, in 

; their opinion, the attempt to hold it would 
end not only in failure, but in the sacrifice 
of the garrison. But it was important to 
prevent the enemy from obtaining a foot- 

; hold so near the city, where their shells 

I could be used against it with great effect. 

( At one time the evacuation of the fort was 
determined on; but other councils pre- 
vailed. 



212. When did the siege of Fort Sumter begin ? End ? 
How long did it last ? How long did Col. Rhett remain in 
command ? What did many prominent oflS-cers advise ? 
What was decided on ? 



264 HISTORY OF 

-213.-- 

Artilleiy was no longer required for 
the defence, and Colonel Rhett and his 
command, who had held the fort so gal- 
lantly, were withdrawn and sent where 
their services were more needed. 

The command was then intrusted to 
Major Stephen Elliott, of this State, al- 
ready distinguished for energy and dar- 
ing. The garrison consisted of a small 
body of infantry. 

Soon after Elliott took command, a for- 
midable attack was made on the fort, by 
a strons; detachment from the fleet. Thev 
approached in boats under cover of night, 
and reached the fort before they were 
discovered. They mounted the ruined 
walls and were met by Elliott and his men 
with brickbats and such other fragmenta- 
ry missiles as the ruins furnished. 



213. Who was put in command of Sumter wlien Rhett 
was withdrawn ? How did Elliott meet the attack made 
by night ? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 265 

-214.- 

The attacking party were driven back 
with heavy loss, inchicling many prisoners. 
No attempt was made after this to take 
the fort by assault, but the bombardment 
was kept up at irregular intervals and 
sometimes with great severity. 

Elliott had assumed the command of 
the fort under circumstances of peculiar 
danger and difficulty — when the besieged 
were depressed and the besiegers elated by 
I what seemed to be the certainty of its cap- 
I ture. He retained the command for near- 
' ly a year, during the most trying period 
of the siege, and the manner in which he 
j conducted the defence attracted the ad- 
[ miration of the civilized world. The 
[ Confederate government showed its ap- 
preciation of his conduct by promotion, 
and transfer to a larger command in Vir- 
ginia. 

He was succeeded in command of the 



266 HISTORY OF 

fort by Captain John Mitchel], a son of 
the distinguished Irish exile and patriot of 
the same name. 



-215.- 

Mitchell was killed soon after, with a 
fragment of a shell thrown from the ene- 
my's batteries on Morris Island. His suc- 
cessor was Captain Thomas A. Hugueniu, J 
of South Carolina, a gallant and efficient of- j 
ficer, who remained in command of the ; 
fort until it and the other fortifications of 
the harbour were evacuated, in consequence 
of Sherman's movements in the interior of 
the State. The defence of this post which, 
though not the most important, was the 
most memorable event of the war in South 
Carolina, and was marked not only by the 



214. Were there any later assaults upon tlie fort ? How 
long did Elliott command tlie fort ? Wlio succeeded him ? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 267 

courage and endurance of the officers and 
men, but by many acts of heroism and 
personal daring. 

Much of the credit for the successful 
defence, is due to Major John Johnson, of 
8outh Carolina, an officer of the Corps of 
Engineers, whose duties called forth the 
display of high courage and capacity in 
repairing under a heavy fire, and with 
limited resources, the injuries constantly 
done to the works. 

We return now to Sherman and his in- 
vading army. 



-216.- 

Sherman, with the main portion of his 



215. V^hat became of Mitcliell ? VTlio succeeded to the 
command ? How long did Huguenin command ? By what 
were the defence marked ? To whom is much of the credit 
of this defence due ? 



268 HISTORY OF 

army, reached Columbia on Friday, the 
17th of February, 1865. He arrived op- 
posite the city, on the western bank of the 
Congaree, two days earlier. There were 
no troops to oppose him ; but the bridges 
had been burnt, and he was thus delayed 
by the necessity of putting pontoons — 
military bridges — across the rivers. There 
appeared no necessity for his entering the 
city at all ; but he determined to occupy 
it with three entire corps — about 45,000 
men — of his army, on Friday morning, 
the l7th. During that night — beginning 
about dark — the greater ]3art of the city 
was destroyed by fire. 

Sherman moved on northward, leaving 
Columbia on Monday, the 20th of Febru- 
ary ; and passed into North Carolina, there 
to operate against General Johnston of 
the Confederate army. 

216. When did Sherman reach Columbia? How long 
had he been at the river ? Why did he not enter at once ? 
What time of day did he enter on Friday ? What time 
was the city burned ? Where did Sherman pfo ? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 269 

-217.- 

The course of Sherman and his army — 
from Sister's Ferry, where they crossed 
the Savannah river into South Carolina, 
until they crossed the northern boundary 
line — all the way through the State, was 
marked by unexampled severity. "Not 
only Columbia, but Purysburg, Barnwell, 
Orangeburg, Winnsborough, and sev- 
eral other towns, were partly burned 
down. Thousands of the finest country 
residences were consumed. The belt of 
country through which this army j^assed 
w^as left a waste — houses, fencing, bridges, 
and railroads, all destroyed. This kind 
of warfare had not been seen in South 
Carolina since 1761, when Colonel Grant 
carried desolation into the country of the 
Cherokees ; unless it was when Tarleton, 



217. What was the character of Sherman's warfare? 
W"hat towns besides Columbia were partly burned ? How 
23* 



370 HISTORY OF 

the Bloody Dragoon, flourislied here in 
1780. 



-218. - 

This march of Sherman throus^h the 
State was the last military movement in 
South Carolina. The Union forces held 
every point that they cared to occupy. 

The War of Secession was now near 
its end. 

The Confederate army of Lee in Vir- 
ginia surrendered to Grant at Ap-po-mat'- 
tox Courthouse, on the 9th of April, 1865. 

On the 25th of the same month the 
Confederate army of Johnston, in North 
Carolina, surrendered to Sherman. This 
closed the war east of the Mississippi river. 



did he treat the country through which he passed ? When 
before had this State seen such war ? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 271 

A montli later — on the 26tli of May — 
Kirby Smith surrendered the last Confed- 
erate army in the trans-Mississippi region. 

This closed the War of Secession, 



219.- 



The war that closed in 1865 — the war 
of secession — was waged by the south in 
behalf of the principle of States' rights. 
That is, the south believed that each State 
had a ris^ht to withdraw from the Union 
when it chose to do so, regarding the 
union as a kind of partnership among 
sovereign powers for mutual benefits. The 
north denied that right ; and regarded 
the general government as higher than the 
State governments, and entitled to control 



218. When did Lee surrender in Virginia? Johnston in 
North Carolina ? Kirby Smith beyond the Mississippi ? 



272 HISTORY OF 

them ill all things. The south decided to 
test the question practically, by seceding 
and trying to defend itself ; and South 
Carolina led the way, and took her chances 
with the south. 



-220. 



Towards carrying on this war, the State 
raised 45,000 soldiers for the Confederate 
army, and 20,000 reserves, to fight at 
home — in all 65,000 fighting men; while 
the voting population of the State was 
but about 40,000. 

Among the South Carolinians who 
served with distinction in this war, were, 



319. In behalf of what principle was the war of seces- 
Bion fought? What is meant by States' rights ? ^\^lat 
did the people at the north believe about States' rights ? 
What State led the movement ? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 273 

Maxcy Gregg, (killed), Wade Hampton, 
Anderson, Lee, Butler, Jenkins, (killed,) 
and Kershaw. 



220. How many soldiers did tliis State raise for the Con- 
federate army ? How many reserves ? What are reserves ? 
How many voters were there in the State ? Who were 
some of the many who distinguished themselves in the 
war? 



274 HISTOEY OF 



^0CE THE W4j^^ 



221, 



When the war was thus brought to a 
close, by the success of the United States 
forces over those of the Confederate States, 
the President of the United States — then 
Andrew Johnson — assumed the right of 
appointing a provisional governor for 
South Carolina. He appointed Benja- 
min F. Perry to be provisional governor, 
who served in that capacity with much 
ability and favour, until a successor was 
elected by the white population of the 
State. This election was ordered by the 
President through Governor Perry, and 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 275 

held on the 18th of October, 1865. It 
resulted in the election of James L. Orr, 
who had previously held important posi- 
tions, among which was the speakership of 
the House of Representatives in the Uni- 
ted States Congress. 



-222. - 

A few weeks after the inauguration of 
Governor Orr, the South Carolina College 
■ — established in 1801 — was changed in 
form to another kind of institution, and 
called the University of South Carolina. 
This was in December, 1865. 

In September, 1866, the legislature 



221. Whom did President Jolinson appoint Provisional 
Governor ? How long did he serve ? Who was elected to 
succeed him ? "What position had Governor Orr previously 
held? 



276 HISTORY OF 

passed an act establishing a State peniten- 
tiary. It was located at Columbia ; and 
is now in successful operation, but the 
buildiogs are not yet [1869] completed. 



-223.- 

Governor Orr continued in office, 
through a term of great trial and difficul- 
ty, until his successor was inaugurated, on 
the 9th of July, 1868. No governor of 
the State ever had a more difficult and 
embarrassing task to perform. There 
were, in fact, two governments in South 
Carolina during this period — one, the 
civil government, of which Governor Orr 
was the executive ; and another, the mil- 



222. When was tlie South Carolina College established ? 
When was it changed to a university? When was the 
State penitentiary established ? Where was it located ? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 277 

itary, instituted and regulated by the 
President and Congress of the United 
States. The executive officer of the mil- 
itary rule was at first General Sickles, 
and afterwards General Canby. There 
were at the same time both civil and mil- 
itary courts; and the administration of 
justice was thus rendered embarrassed, un- 
certain, and unequal. All these things 
conspired to make Governor Orr's term a 
trying one. 



224.- 



Notwithstanding all these draw-backs, 
Governor Orr's administration was as suc- 



223. How long did Governor Orr serve ? What other 
government was there at the same time ? What made this 
term a hard one to manage ? What sorts of courts were 
there ? What effect had the war had on the people ? 
24 



278 HISTORY OF 

cessful, perhaps, as was possible under the 
circumstances. 

Under what are known as the KecoH- 
struction Acts of Congress, General Canby, 
who represented the General Government 
in this State at that time, ordered a con- 
vention to be held on the 14th of Janu- 
ary, 1868. This body is known as the 
Constitutional Convention, and met in 
Charleston. At the election of members 
to this convention, very few — not one in a 
hundred — of the white people voted at all. 
The reason they did not vote was, because 
they did not believe that the Reconstruc- 
tion Acts of Congress were lawful ; and, 
although they were opposed to a conven- 
tion, they did not vote, because these acts 
of Congress were so arranged as to put 
the whole power in the hands of the ne- 
groes, who had formerly been slaves, 



224. What was the success of Governor Orr's adminis- 
tration? When was the Constitutional Co. ention lo 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 279 

and wlio were more numerous than tlie 
whites. 



-225.- 

This Constitutional Convention, thus 
elected by the negroes, consisted of more 
than half negroes, many of them from the 
north. It remained in session from the 
14th of January, 1868, exactly two 
months ; and produced a constitution 
which was first approved by Congress, 
and then submitted to the people of the 
State for ratification. In this vote, all 
the negroes voted for the new constitu- 
tion, and most of the whites voted against 
it; although there were a good many 
whites who did not wish to vote, and a 



meet? Where? Who ordered it ? Did the white peopk 
'Vote? "CVhy not? 



280 HISTORY OF 

great many who were not allowed by the 
Acts of Congress to vote. The vote was 
70,758 for the new constitution, and 27,288 
against it. So the new constitution w^as 
adopted; and is now [1869] the one in 
force here. 

This new constitution changed the name 
of districts to counties ; and divided Pick- 
ens into two — Pickens and O-co'-nee. 
There are, accordingly, now thirty-one 
counties in the State. 



-226. - 
Under the new constitution, a governor 



225. Of whom did the Constitutional Convention con- 
sist ? How long did it sit ? What was then done with the 
new constitution ? Who voted for it ? Who against it ? 
How many for it ? How many against it ? What changes 
in the districts did this new constitution make? How 
many counties are there now ? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. . 281 

and a full set of State officers were elect- 
ed. In these elections, the negroes had 
one set of candidates, some of whom were 
white men (mostly northerners), and the 
whites another. Of course the former 
were all elected, the negroes being more 
numerous in the State than the white 
people. 

General Robert K. Scott, of Ohio, (a 
white man, although elected by the ne- 
groes), was chosen governor. He was in- 
augurated on the 9th of July, 1868. The 
term of this office is, as heretofore, two 
years. 



-227- 

At the same time with the State officers 



226. What officers were elected under the new constitu- 
tion? Who became governor? Where was he from? 
When was he inaugurated ? How long is his term of office ? 
24* 



282 . HISTORY OF 

tliere was elected a legislature or general 
assembly. The members of this body 
were more than half (81 to 69) coloured 
men — negroes, mulattoes, and quadroons 
— many of whom were imperfectly edu- 
cated, and some could not even write their 
names. Many of these coloured members, 
as well as of the whites, were from the 
north. 

The general assembly held its first ses- 
sion — a special session — from the 6th of 
July till the 26th of September, 1868. 

The first regular session of the general 
assembly was held from the 24th of No- 
vember, 1868, till the 24th of March, 
1869 — just four months. This session, as 
had been part of the special session, was 
held in the buildings of the University of 
South Carolina ; the senate occupying the 
library, and the house the chapel. 



227. When was the legislature elected ? How was that 
body composed — how many negroes and how many whites ? 
When was the special session held ? When the first regu- 
lar session ? Where ? 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 283 

- 228. - 

There has been no census or enumera- 
tion of the inhabitants of South Carolina 
made since 1860 ; so that it is impossible 
to know exactly how many people are in 
it now [1869], especially as there have 
been so many changes made by the war, 
and by moving out and in. But it has 
been generally estimated that there must 
be about 700,000 inhabitants in the State 
—300,000 whites, and 400,000 negroes. 
The votes for presidential electors in 
1868 were 45,000 democrats, against 
62,000 republicans; and this division is 
nearly the same as whites and blacks. 



238. When was tlie last session taken? What causes 
have made many changes since 1860 ? How many are 
generally estimated to be in the State ? How many white ? 
How many negroes ? 

THE END. 



INDEX. 



Page 

Acts, Keconstruction 278 

After the Revolution 213 

Agricultural Society, State. 233 
Alamance Creek, Battle of. . 116 
Ambuscade at Occnoree 

Creek 140 

Ambuscade at Noewee defile 141 

America discovered 17 

•' settled 17 

Anti-Regulators 107 

Arnold of Carolina 156 

Ashe's defeat at Briar Creek. 146 

Attack on Charles Town 129 

AttakuUakulla 96 

Attakullakulla's speech 103 

Bancroft quoted Ill 

Battle of the Waxhaws 157 

" Williams's plantation 159 

" Rocky Mount 160 

" Hanging Rock 160 

" Musgrove's Mills 162 

" Cedar Springs 162 

" Camden 165 

" Fishing Creek 167 

" King's Mountain 168 

" Catawba Falls 174 

" Cherokee Ford 175 

" Blackstocks 176 

" the Cowpens 180 

" Hobkirk'sHill 186 

" Eutaw Springs 193 

Battles in 1861 and 1862 250 

" in 1863 and 1864 258 

" in Mexico 236 

Blackstocks, Battle of 176 

Blockade of Southern ports. 252 
Bloody Bill Cunningham ... 196 

Bloody Scout 196 

Boundary-line between the 

Carolinas established 221 

Boyd, the tory 144 

Calhoun's death 237 



Camden, Battle of 165 

" Capture of, by 

Washington 178 

Carolina, French names of. . 17 
" English " ..17 
" Spanish " ..17 
" Indian " ..20 

" settled first 20 

" " permanently 25 

" Division of, into 

counties 32 

" Invasion of, by the 

French 52 

Catawba Falls, Battle of 174 

Cato, the Negro leader 86 

Cedar Springs, Battle of 162 

Charleston, Name given to.. 213 
" Yellow fever in . 218 
i' Fire opened upon 257 

" Siege of 262 

" evacuated in 1865 261 
Charles Town, Old, begun., 26 

" settled 32 

" riots 49 

" Clinton's at- 

tack on . . . 129 

" taken 152 

" evacuated... 209 

" becomes 

Charleston 213 

Charter of Carolina 24 

Cherokee treaty with Great 

Britain 82 

" warofl757 93 

war of 1760 97 

country. Destruc- 
tion of. 102 

" war, Men distin- 
guished in 104 

" now— 1869 142 

" Ford, Battle of. .. . 175 

Chiefs, Indian 13 

Cloud's Creek, Butchery at . 197 
Coldest winter 90 



286 



INDEX. 



117 

121 

278 

216 



PaKu 
College, The S.C, established 220 
'< 'Medical, of S.C, es- 

tablished • 220 

" The S. C, changed 

to a University . . . ^T& 
Columbia made the capital . -i* 
reached by bher- 

man • • • ^^^ 

'c destroyed by fede- 
ral troops ^o» 

Confederate States ^J^ 

Confiscation .•; i-jn 

Congresses, Colonial...... ••• li^ 

Congress, Second Colonial.. 110 
" Fi'-st Continental 

—1774 

" Second Continen- 
tal— 1775 

Constitutional Convention.. 
Constitution of the U. b. ra 

titled 

a vote on, in 1868 280 

Convention, Constitutional . 278 

u Nullification... 230 

Secession.. 239,243 

Cornwallis •• • > ^^^ 

Counter Proclamation of ^^^ 

Co^S' Charles TowA. .... 105 
" four in the up-country 107 

Cow-pens, Battle of. .... • • • • l«" 

CunnFngham, the Bloody 
Scout 

Declaration Of Independence 136 

De Kalb f,T± 

Denmark Vesey 



Page 
Florida, Invasion of. ... . . 88, 41 

Fort Sullivan, Battle of 129 

" Moultrie \ll 

" Motte taken i|o 

.< Granby taken.. 186 

" Sumter occupied ^4b 

Fort Sumter invested. ...... ^*t 

u First siege of . . 24. 

u First surrender " 

i. Federal attack 



i 

I 



Free-school system adopted. 221 
French invasion of Carolina 52 



Gainey 's movement 

Game Cock, The.... :•• 

General Committee in 

CharlesTown 

Ghent Treaty of 

Gorneil ."."'\"'in 

Governor, Provisional, m 

1865 ....••• 

Grant's war in 1761 

Greene quoted 



207 
172 

119 
223 
205 

274 
99 
204 

l" 

2-40 

234 

3 

18' 

11 J 

40 

»2, 4. 
. 2"'i 



Deserters from the British . . 
Discoverers of America. . . . . 
Division of the State into dis- 
tricts, counties, and parish- 



Division of Pickens county. . '-60 
Dorchester, Hampton's dash 
upon 

Early Times • | 

Kdee Hill, Butchery at .... . 1?7 
Enfancipa'tion rroclamation 2o4 
Eutaw Springs, Battle of . . . 193 

Farming, Attention directed ^^ 

to 9.7, 

Federal Party... ^-' 

Fire in Charles i omi ....... »» 

FishingCreek, Battle of.... 167 



Hanging Rock, Battle of . . . . 

Hayne and Webster 

Hayne's death... ^ 

Historians of S. C. . - • ••••••■ 

Hobkirk's Hill, Battle of . . . 

Hostages massacred 

Huguenots • • ;; 

Hurricane at Charles lownM 
" at Charleston .. . 

Immigrants to Carolina. .. . . 
Independence, Declaration of 
Indian nations. Three 

'' tribes. Thirty-seven.. 

" chiefs 

" war, first— Kussoes . . 

" traders 

Indians in early times . ..... 

Indians, Different characters 
" sold into slavery.... 

Introduction 

Irish colony 

Jackson, Andrew. ^ J/ 

u at N. 0..._ *- 

Jackson's Proclamation.... 2^ 

Jasper at Fort Sullivan.... 133 
" Death of •••••• :|^^ 

King's Mountain, Battle of 168 

Kosciusko. .... ... . • . • • • -^^ ' 225 

LaFayette's visit to b. C. . . . -'-' 



91 

136 

8 

9 

13 

28 

58 

5 

11 

1> 

84 



INDEX. 



287 



Page 
Last man killed in the Revo- 
lution 208 

Late War, The— 1812 222 

Law, Indian 14 

Leaders in Nullification.... 230 

" in Secession 240 

Legare's death 234 

Legislature, at Jacksonville 200 

" Negroes in 282 

' Special session 282 

" Firsr. regular session. 282 
.exington. Skirmish at-1775. 121 

Lords Proprietors 23 

Loyalists 124 

Marion 154 

Marion's failure at George- 
town 184 

Marion's capture of Fort 

"VVatson 185 

Marion's Brigade surprised. 203 

" death 218 

Massachusetts and S. C Ill 

Mexican War 235 

Mexico, Battles in 236 

"* ione)% Indian 14 

" Confederate, in 1864, 253 

Itotte's house 187 

Musgrove's Mills, Battle of. . 162 
Music, Indian 14 

i^egro slaves first introduced 

^, into Carolina 30 

Jjegro rising in Charleston 

—1740 86 

Negro rising in Charleston 

'•■—1821 224 

Negroes in GeneralAssembly 282 

Ninety-Six, Siege of 189 

Nullification 227 

" Convention 230 

" Leaders in 230 

Old French War 79 

Orangeburg taken 186 

Ordinance of Secession 244 

Palmetto Regiment 235 

Partisan leaders in 1781 191 

'^arty. Federal 227 

•Party, States' Rights 227 

*Party leaders in Nullification 230 

Peace Com'issioners to Paris . 211 

Penitentiary established 275 

Pickens 155 

Pitt 112 



Page 

Pocotaligo butchery 69 

Population in 1708 67 

" 1724 77 

" 1737 85 

" 1775 128 

" 1790 217 

" 1810 221 

" 1869 283 

Port Royal settlement 35 

President of S. C 127 

Prevost's invasion of S. C 143 

" attack on Charles Town 148 

Proclamation of Jackson.. 229 

" Counter, of Hayne.. 229 

" Emancipation 254 

Productions in 1708 58 

Proprietary Government 23 

'' " end of 75 

Rebels 126 

Reconstruction Acts 278 

Regulators, The 105, 116 

Revolution, After the 213 

Revolutionary War 137 

Rice first grown in Carolina. 45 
Riots in Charles Town... 49, 56 
Rivers with Indian names.. 10 
Rocky Mount, Battle of. . . . 160 
Royal Government 76 

St. Augustine, Siege of 89 

Savages 6 

Savannah, Siege of 150 

Scovilites 107 

Secession Convention 239 

" Causes of 239 

" Leaders in 240 

" The War of 242 

" Ordinance of 244 

" of other States 244 

" End of the AV'ar of. . 27o 
Separate State Government. 128 

Sherman enters S. C 260 

Sherman, Towns in S. C. de- 
stroyed by 269 

Siege of Savannah 150 

" Ninety-Six 1S9 

Since the War 274 

Slavery, Indians sold into. . . 19 
" introduced into the 

State 30 

Slave-Trade abolished 215 

" advocated 238 

Slaves first brought to Caro- 
lina 30 

Small Pox 46 



288 



INDEX. 



Page 
Soldiers raised by S. C. for 

Confederate service 272 

Sons of Liberty 115 

South Carolina, Name first 

used 41 

South Carolina, Name regu- 
larly used 73 

Spanish invasion of Caroli- 
na 26, 36 

Speech of the Cherokee dele- 
gates 82, 83 

Speech of Salooe 98 

" Attakullakulla... 103 

Stamp Act 109 

Star of the West 247 

States' Rights Party 227 

Statue of Pitt 112 

Sumter 154 

Sumter's failure at Granby. 184 
" " at Fort Watson. 184 

Swamp Fox, The 172 

Swiss Colony 84 

Tariff Act 228 

Tarleton, The Bloody 153 

Tax Acts 109, 113 

Tea and taxes 113 

Tories 124 

Traitors bought 205 

Treaty, The great Cherokee. 82 
Troops raised for Revolu- 
tionary War 122 



Troops raised for Confederate 

service *272 

Tryon's Palace i:*^ 

Vesey, Denmark 224 

Vote on the Constitution in 
1868 280 

Wampum— Indian money.. 14 

War with the Yamassees 66 

" TheLate— 1812 222 

" with Mexico 255 

" of Secession 242 

" " ended 270 

" " Distinguished in 27:i 

Wars with the Tuscaroras. . . 61 
Washington's visit to the 

South 21^ 

Waxhaws, Battle of 157 

Webster and Hayne 22S 

Whigs 125 

Wigwams ' 

Wild animals 15 

Williams's Plantation, Bat- 
tle of 159 

Yamassee War, Men noted in 72 
Yellow Fever in Charles 

Town 80 

Yellow Fever in Charleston. 218 
Yorkt own. Victory at 198 



R 66 89 i^ 



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HECKMAN 

HNDERY INC. 

^ JUN 89 



N. MANCHESTER, 
INDIANA 46962 




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